The paper deals with historical migration and integration processes on the basis of small-scale immigration into Saxon Upper Lusatia from 1815 to 1871. The focus of the analysis is on the permanent settlement of foreigners in Upper Lusatia and their acquisition of citizenship in the Kingdom of Saxony. This includes the development of immigration and citizenship policy in Saxony, with particular attention on the immigration practice of the responsible authorities. Also addressed are conflicts resulting from immigration which at the governmental level meant the rejection of poverty migrants, while at the level of the receiving communities the prevention of potential commercial competitors was paramount.