Conflict-of-laws rules lead relatively often to the application of foreign law and the Czech judge, unlike judges of some other countries, is in principle obliged to apply that law. The issue of treatment of foreign law is covered by special regulation within Czech law. The new Private International Law Act 2012 contains section 23 entitled “Ascertainment and application of foreign law”, which builds upon the application of foreign law as it is perceived by contemporary Czech jurisprudence. The National Report also considers the possibilities to access to foreign law, under the viewpoint of both status quo, and further developments,in particular within the European Union.