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21. Huffmanela paronai sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae), a new parasite from the skin of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the Ligurian Sea (Western Mediterranean)

Creator:
Moravec, František and Garibaldi, Fulvio
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
parasitic nematode, Huffmanela, epidermis, fish, Xiphias, Ligurian Sea, and Italy
Language:
English
Description:
A new species of trichosomoidid nematode, Huffmanela paronai sp. n., is established on the basis of its egg morphology and biological characters. The dark-shcllcd, cmbryonatcd eggs of this histozoic parasite occur in masses in the epidermis of the swordfish Xiphias gladius L. (Xiphiidae, Perciformes) from the Ligurian Sea in northern Italy. The eggs are concentrated in groups appearing as black spots in the skin of the fish host, being distributed mainly on the lower part of its body (lower jaw, gill covers, pectoral, anal and caudal fins, lower half of body). The parasite’s eggs are characterised mainly by their shape and markedly small size (48-51 x 21-24 pm), an aspinose surface, relatively small polar plugs, and thick egg wall (3 pm). This is the first Huffmanela species reported from fish in Europe.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

22. Hysterothylacium winteri sp. n. (Nematoda: Anisakidae), a parasite of Chilean rock cod, Eleginops maclovinus (Perciformes: Eleginopidae), from South Chile

Creator:
Torres, Patricio and Soto, María Soledad
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Nematoda, parasite, Hysterothylacium, fish, and Chile
Language:
English
Description:
Hysterothylacium winteri sp. n. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) was collected from the intestine of a marine-estuarine fish, Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes) (Perciformes: Eleginopsidae), from Abtao in the Gulf of Ancud, Chile. Sixteen (51.6%) out of 31 fish were infected; the intensity was 1-10 (mean 4) worms/host. The new species belongs to the group of congeners possessing one double pair of postanal papillae. By possessing a lateral pair of phasmids situated near the tip of tail, H. winteri most closely resembles Hysterothylacium habena. The new species can be distinguished by the lip flanges forming broadly rounded points and the equal, short spicules (320-400 µm long) representing 0.9-1.7% of body length.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

23. Is gynogenetic reproduction in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) a major trait responsible for invasiveness?

Creator:
Fuad, Md Mehedi Hasan, Vetešník, Lukáš, and Šimková, Andrea
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fish, gynogenesis, invasive species, coexistence, immunity, environmental tolerance, and parasites
Language:
English
Description:
The invasion success of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) depends on demographic and competitive traits. The major biological trait responsible for the invasiveness of C. gibelio is the mode of reproduction. Apart from sexual reproduction, which is typical in fish, C. gibelio is a unique cyprinid species able to reproduce through asexual gynogenesis, which is also known as sperm-dependent parthenogenesis, observed in all-female populations. Though the sexual and asexual forms of C. gibelio co-exist widely in natural habitats, the gynogenetic form has the capacity to modulate the range of effective ecological niches, which may facilitate the process of invasion. In this paper, we reviewed current knowledge of the sexual and gynogenetic forms of gibel carp along with their physiological advantages, immunological traits, and ability to withstand different environmental conditions. As parasitic infection may directly alter the immunology of hosts, and also indirectly alter their investment in reproduction, we provide some insights into the role of parasites as one of the potential drivers facilitating the coexistence of asexual and sexual forms. We highlight evidence that gibel carp have been identified as a serious threat to native species; hence, its impact on the ecosystem is also discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

24. Kroměříž, Obrazárna, Triumf Neptuna a Amfitríté.

Creator:
Francken, Frans II.
Publisher:
z Lichtenštejna-Kastelkornu, Karel II, biskup olomoucký (?)
Type:
malba
Subject:
chariot, fish, shell, trident, vessel, Amphitrite, Neptunus, and putto
Description:
Olej na dřevě (55 x 73 cm): nahý Neptun (trojzubec) sedí vedle nahé stojící Amitrité ukazující na pobřeží. Jedou na voze taženém mořskými koni, okolo průvod Nereoven a Tritonů (mušle, želva, chycené ryby na prutech). Uprostřed dole putti na delfínu (žezlo a mušle). Na břehu personifikace řeky, stařec s nádobou s vytékající vodou. Napravo jeskyně, v níž hodují bozi. Na obloze ptáci a létající ryby., Togner 1999#, s. 147-149, č. 111., and Obraz byl v Kroměříži s největší pravděpodobností od roku 1695. Frans Francken II stejné téma pojednal na tuctu dalších obrazů, které byly jako všechny ostatní výjevy tohoto typu inspirovány antickými římskými sarkofágy zobrazujícími mořský thiasos (Bober, Rubinstein 1987, č. 99-104). Sarkofág z vatikánských sbírek (č. 99) je považován za zobrazení svatby Neptuna a Amfitrite, ale mezi kroměřížským obrazem a antickými reliéfy není žádný přímý vztah. Na obrazech svatby Neptuna a Amfitríty od Franse Franckena II se v popředí objevuje delfín s puttem nebo putti, takže lze uvažovat o tom, zda se nejedná o delfína, který svatbu umožnil a zorganizoval (O astronomii 2, 17, dílo je neprávem připisované Hyginovi).
Rights:
autorská práva www.olympos.cz

25. Larvae of gryporhynchid cestodes (Cyclophyllidea) from fish: a review

Creator:
Scholz, Tomáš, Bray, Rodney A., Kuchta, Roman, and Řepová, Radmila
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Gryporhynchidae, Dilepididae, metacestodes, fish, species composition, host spectrum, distribution, and review
Language:
English
Description:
Larvae (metacestodes) of tapeworms of the cyclophyllidean family Gryporhynchidae (previously included in the Dilepididae) occur in different internal organs of fresh- and brackish water fish (110 fish species of 27 families in 12 orders reported), which serve as the second intermediate hosts. The species composition, spectrum of fish hosts, sites of infection, and geographical distribution of gryporhynchids recorded from fish are reviewed here on the basis of literary data and examination of extensive material from helminthological collections. Metacestodes of the following genera have been found in fish: Amirthalingamia Bray, 1974 (1 species), Ascodilepis Guildal, 1960 (1), Cyclustera Fuhrmann, 1901 (4), Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912 (1), Glossocercus Chandler, 1935 (3), Neogryporhynchus Baer et Bona, 1960 (1), Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (5), Parvitaenia Burt, 1940 (2), and Valipora Linton, 1927 (3). However, most published records concern only three species, namely Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (Wedl, 1855) from the intestinal lumen, Paradilepis scolecina (Rudolphi, 1819) from the liver and mesenteries, and Valipora campylancristrota (Wedl, 1855) from the gall bladder of cyprinids and other fish in the Palaearctic Region. Data on other species as well as reports from other regions are very scarce and almost no information is available from Australia, tropical Asia and South America. A recent study of gryporhynchid metacestodes from Mexico (Scholz and Salgado-Maldonado 2001), which reported 13 species, suggested that they may be more common than indicated by records in the literature. Although only a few cases of pathogenic influence of larvae on fish hosts have been reported, the veterinary importance of gryporhynchids remains to be assessed on the basis of more detailed studies. The data available indicate a strict host and site specificity of some species whereas others occur in a wide spectrum of fish hosts and are not strictly site-specific. Evaluation of Paradilepis larvae from the liver of salmonid fish from British Columbia, Canada, identified as P. simoni Rausch, 1949 by Ching (1982), has shown that they probably belong to two species, P. simoni and P. rugovaginosus Freeman, 1954. Metacestodes of the latter species and those of Cyclustera magna (Baer, 1959) from the intestinal wall of Tilapia zillii (Gervais) from Kenya are reported from fish for the first time.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

27. Morphological, developmental and ecological evidence for a progenetic life cycle in Neochasmus (Digenea)

Creator:
McLaughlin, J. Daniel, Marcogliese, David J., and Kelly, Jocelyn
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
progenesis, life cycle, trematodes, Neochasmus, population biology, metacercaria, and fish
Language:
English
Description:
Seven species of fishes, Catostomus commersonii (Lacépède), Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, Micropterus dolomieu Lacépède, Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill), Notropis hudsonius (Clinton), Perca flavescens (Mitchill), and Percina caprodes (Rafinesque) from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada, were found infected with progenetic specimens of Neochasmus spp. in the orbits and/or the body musculature. Worms displayed varying degrees of maturation. Eggs occupied the entirety of the worm in late stages of development and persisted as distinct clusters in situ after worm death. Populations of parasites were studied monthly in E. nigrum from one site between May and October in order to follow parasite recruitment, development and maturation. Recruitment of parasites was observed in young-of-the-year fish primarily in July and continued through October. Worms matured rapidly, displaying egg production within a month. Later developmental stages, in which eggs occupied most of the worm, and clusters of eggs became abundant by September. Infections in overwintered fish collected in May consisted mainly of worms in early stages of egg production and of clusters of eggs. When hatched artificially, eggs from the clusters released viable miracidia, indicating that they survive beyond the lifespan of the adult worm. It is suggested that progenesis is a fixed characteristic of the life cycle of these species, that egg dispersal requires the death of the host and that it is facilitated by predation. All prior records of Neochasmus spp. are examined, leading us to conclude that the role of the putative definitive host (primarily basses) has been reduced to that of a dispersal agent. Current hypotheses concerning the evolution and maintenance of progenesis are considered, but it is concluded that they do not apply to this host-parasite system.
Rights:
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28. Múzeum krt. 3-4, University "Eötvös Loránd Tudomány Egyetem"

Creator:
Weber, Antal (1823 - 1889)
Type:
architectural sculpture
Subject:
paddle, fish, and allegoria
Description:
Pětipodlažná nárožní budova se dvěma nárožními štíty do hlavní třídy Múzeum krt. V levém štítě uprostřed sedící žena (personifikace zoologie), v pravé ruce drží želvu, v levé knihu s lebkou, z obou stran je obklopená různými živočichy v porostu : ryby, krokodýl, orel, lev. Štít vpravo: uprostřed žena (personifikace přírodních věd) držící v levé ruce krystal, v pravé kladivo, po její pravici nahá dívka zobrazená zezadu (personifikace řeky), po levici nahý vousatý muž s veslem a rybou (personifikace řeky).
Rights:
autorská práva www.olympos.cz

29. Myxidium biliare sp. n. (Myxozoa) from gall bladder of Galaxias maculatus (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae) in Patagonia (Argentina)

Creator:
Viozzi, Gustavo P. and Flores, Verónica R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Myxidium biliare, Myxosporea, Galaxias maculatus, fish, Patagonia, and Argentina
Language:
English
Description:
Myxidium biliare sp. n., a new myxosporean species parasitizing the gall bladder of Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), in Patagonia, is described. Its coelozoic plasmodia were floating free in the bile. Spores are fusiform 13.7 ± 0.9 µm long and 6.9 ± 0.6 µm wide, with rounded ends in frontal view and slightly pointed ends in sutural view; shell with ridges and sinuous sutural line. Both maximum prevalence and maximum percentage of immature plasmodia occurred in summer. In winter the prevalence and the percentage of immature plasmodia fell to their lowest values. Prevalence was independent of host sex but increased with host length. Prevalence in 15 Patagonian Andean lakes (situated from 39°25'S to 41°30'S) ranged between 4.2% and 70%.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30. New evidence on a cold case: trophic transmission, distribution and host-specificity in Hedruris spinigera (Nematoda: Hedruridae)

Creator:
Luque, José L., Vieira, Fabiano M., Herrmann, Kristin, King, Tania M., Poulin, Robert, and Lagrue, Clément
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Hedruris spinigera, nematode, host specificity, parasite distribution, amphipod, and fish
Language:
English
Description:
The life cycle of Hedruris spinigera Baylis, 1931 (Nematoda: Hedruridae) is determined here with the first formal identification of the parasite's intermediate host: the crustacean amphipod Paracorophium excavatum Thomson. Adult H. spinigera are redescribed from specimens collected from the stomach of fishes, Retropinna retropinna (Richardson) and Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes), from Lake Waihola, New Zealand. Immature adults of the parasite collected from intermediate hosts (P. excavatum) are also described for the first time. The prevalence, abundance and intensity of infection of H. spinigera in several fish species are quantified along with the occurrence of P. excavatum, the parasite's intermediate host, in fish stomach contents. Although H. spinigera's transmission mode (trophic transmission) and fish diet potentially expose all fish species to infection, some level of host specificity must exist as parasite prevalence, abundance and intensity of infection vary greatly between potential definitive host species. We suggest here that the anatomy of the fish digestive tract and especially that of the stomach plays an important role in host suitability for H. spinigera. While P. excavatum is the only intermediate host in Lake Waihola, H. spinigera was found in six different fish species: Aldrichetta forsteri, Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), Retropinna retropinna, Rhombosolea retiaria Hutton, Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus and Salmo trutta Linnaeus; although typical hedrurid attachment and mating positions were observed only in R. retropinna and A. forsteri. The limited distribution of H. spinigera is most likely due to that of its different host species (intermediate and definitive), all inhabitants of coastal fresh and brackish waters.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public