The paper is based on the author's dissertation project, which maps the intellectual proximity of Hans Blumenberg and philosophers of the Ritter School – Odo Marquard, Hermann Lübbe, Robert Spaemann and Martin Kriele. The author presents a general characterization of the Ritter School and the "sceptical generation" (H. Schelsky), seeks arguments to shed light on the reasons for the emphasis on the intellectual proximity of Blumenberg and the Ritter School, and highlights its philosophical convergences in practical philosophy. The analysis is based on several indisputable affinities between Marquard's and Blumenberg's intellectual world: their continuity with Gehlen's conception of man as a deficient (and compensating) being, their appreciation of polytheism, their common difficulties with philosophy of history, which lead to the critique of discursive ethics (in the spirit of the New Left). Further, the study presents and justifies the claim that Ritter's students became closer to each other as well as to Blumenberg mostly after they were forced to respond to the student movement of the late 1960s, which cast doubt on the democratic structures of West Germany as well as Neo-Marxism, which formed the foundation of the student movement. The second part of the study consists of an analysis of the liberal conservative critique of discursive ethics, the core of which is Marquard's unique interpretation of Descartes: the Descartes of temporary and tentative morality is confronted with the Descartes of indubitability and methodological security.
Příspěvek vychází z autorova disertačního projektu, který mapuje myšlenkovou spřízněnost mezi Hansem Blumenbergem a jednotlivými filosofy tzv. Ritterovy školy, tedy Odo Marquardem, Hermannem Lübbem, Robertem Spaemannem a Martinem Krielem. Autor předkládá obecnou charakteristiku Ritterovy školy a "skeptické generace" (H. Schelsky), hledá argumenty, které by osvětlily, proč bývá zdůrazňována spřízněnost mezi Blumenbergem a "Ritterovci", a poukazuje na její filosofické konvergence v oblasti praktické filosofie. V analýze vychází z několika nesporných afinit mezi Marquardovým a Blumenbergovým myšlenkovým světem: z návaznosti na gehlenovské pojetí člověka jako deficitní (a kompenzující) bytosti, z oslavy polyteismu, ze společných obtíží s filosofií dějin, které je vedou ke kritice diskurzivní etiky (v duchu Nové levice). Předkládá a zdůvodňuje tezi, podle níž se zmínění Ritterovi žáci přiblížili k sobě navzájem – a současně i k Blumenbergovi – nejvíce poté, co byli nuceni reagovat nejen na studentské hnutí druhé poloviny 60. let, jež zpochybnilo demokratické struktury Spolkové republiky, ale i na neomarxismus, o nějž se studentské hnutí opíralo. Druhou část studie tvoří analýza liberálně konzervativní kritiky diskurzivní etiky, jejíž jádro představuje překvapivé Marquardovo čtení Descarta: Descartes dočasné a provizorní morálky je zde postaven proti Descartovi nepochybnému metodicky zajištěnému. and The paper is based on the author's dissertation project, which maps the intellectual proximity of Hans Blumenberg and philosophers of the Ritter School – Odo Marquard, Hermann Lübbe, Robert Spaemann and Martin Kriele. The author presents a general characterization of the Ritter School and the "sceptical generation" (H. Schelsky), seeks arguments to shed light on the reasons for the emphasis on the intellectual proximity of Blumenberg and the Ritter School, and highlights its philosophical convergences in practical philosophy. The analysis is based on several indisputable affinities between Marquard's and Blumenberg's intellectual world: their continuity with Gehlen's conception of man as a deficient (and compensating) being, their appreciation of polytheism, their common difficulties with philosophy of history, which lead to the critique of discursive ethics (in the spirit of the New Left). Further, the study presents and justifies the claim that Ritter's students became closer to each other as well as to Blumenberg mostly after they were forced to respond to the student movement of the late 1960s, which cast doubt on the democratic structures of West Germany as well as Neo-Marxism, which formed the foundation of the student movement. The second part of the study consists of an analysis of the liberal conservative critique of discursive ethics, the core of which is Marquard's unique interpretation of Descartes: the Descartes of temporary and tentative morality is confronted with the Descartes of indubitability and methodological security.