Nálezový fond z oppida Stradonice obsahuje speciální perforované keramické tvary s rozdílnou funkcí. Vedle tradičně předpokládaného využití při výrobě mléčných produktů je akcentována souvislost určité varianty s procesem přípravy alkoholických nápojů. Rozsáhlá skupina tvarů s perforacemi náleží k technické keramice, určené k manipulaci se žhavým materiálem. Analogie vyčleněných variant se objevují od počátků výroby keramiky a varianty cedníků k filtraci tekutin od doby bronzové i v kovovém provedení. and The find inventory from the Stradonice oppidum includes special perforated ceramic shapes of different purpose. Apart from the traditionally supposed use for dairy products processing, relationship with the preparation of alcoholic beverages is stressed for certain variants. Large group of shapes with perforations belongs to technical ceramics, designed to handle hot materials. Analogies of the selected variants appear from the origins of pottery production, and there is also metal version of colanders for filtration of liquids since the Bronze Age.
Smoking becames the important and relevant health and social problem in the Czech republic as well as in the world. Tobacco together with alcohol is the first habit forming substance, which the child contacts or which somebody offers to him. The aim of the research is to map the situation of using of legal drugs, tobacco and alcohol, by the children in the basic schools of the region of South Bohemia. The pupils of the 4th- 9 th classes of basic schools of region of South Bohemia of age 10 – 16 years present the basic group. The methods of questionning, technique questionnaire was used for the primary colection of data. More than the tenth of children - 12 % are the regular smokers – they smoke every day. Regular strong smokers, who smoke regularly more than 10 cigarettes a day, present more then 3 %. The most often beginning of the regular (daily) smoking is about 12 and 13 years. Only 16 % adolescents have never drunk the alcohol, less than half of them did not drink it in the last month. Only 57 % of respondents have never been drunken. The biggest popularity of beverages among the teen-agers has traditionally the beer followed wine and then destillates. The biggest experiences with alcohol had got the questionned people until 10 years of age., Tento článek seznamuje čtenáře s výsledky výzkumu, který byl provedený jako školní studie zahrnující populaci nižší věkové kategorie než u dosud provedených školních studií v ČR, a snaží se díky tomu lépe zachytit nástup užívání a zneužívání legálních návykových látek, tabáku a alkoholu. Cílem výzkumu bylo zmapovat situaci v užívání legálních drog, tabáku a alkoholu, u dětí na základních školách Jihočeského kraje. Výzkum se zaměřuje jak na pravidelné uživatele těchto legálních drog, tak na reprezentativní vzorek mladých lidí, kteří jsou potenciálně (a pochopitelně i reálně) ohrožených legálními drogami., Markéta Kastnerová., and Seznam literatury
Our study aimed to investigate subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to bone microstructure of mice. Animals from experimental (E) group drank a solution composed of 15 % ethanol and water for 14 days (one remodeling cycle), while those from control (C) group drank only water. In the compact bone of E group, decreased bone formation and increased porosity were observed which corresponds with lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutathione. Alcohol significantly increased sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals and decreased those of secondary osteons, Haversian canals. Relative bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), relative bone volume without marrow cavity were also lower in E group. On the contrary, trabecular bone microstructure did not differ significantly between E and C groups. Liver function test showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-fed mice. Serum calcium, phosphate were significantly lower in E group. According to our study, only changes in compact bone microstructure of mice following one remodeling cycle were observed due to both direct and indirect effects of alcohol., A. Sarocka, V. Kovacova, R. Omelka, M. Bauerova, E. Kapusta, Z. Goc, G. Formicki, M. Martiniakova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The effects of sleepiness, sleep loss and fatigue have been the focus of literally hundreds of studies dating back to 1896. Sleep disorders, like any other medical condition potentially affecting the safe performance of essential job functions or the safety of co-workers or the general public, require an individual assessment of the employee diagnosed with the condition to determine medical fitness for service and the necessity of any appropriate reasonable accommodations. The medical fitness assessment is a tool for maximum possible operational safety and the health and safety of all personnel in the railway industry. The article describes relevant international medical fitness standards for railway staff with special rules recommended for mental disorders, disorders of the central nervous system and use of alcohol, drugs, and other psychotropic substances.