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2. A revision of Euchilofulvius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae)
- Creator:
- Gorczyca, Jacek
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae, Fulviini, Euchilofulvius, revision, new species, key, and Oriental region
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Oriental genus Euchilofulvius Poppius is revised. New data concerning Euchilofulvius tibialis Poppius, the first description of the male and pictures of parameres are given. Two new species are described and illustrated: Euchilofulvius heissi and E. zdzislawi. A key to the species and a brief discussion on the systematic position of the genus are also provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Activity of endo-polygalacturonases in mirid bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) and their inhibition by plant cell wall proteins (PGIPs)
- Creator:
- Frati, Francesca, Galletti, Roberta, de Lorenzo, Giulia, Salerno, Gianandrea, and Conti, Eric
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Miridae, Heteroptera, Curculionidae, Coleoptera, endo-polygalacturonase, PG, polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIP), plant cell wall proteins, plant induced plant defence, direct defence, and saliva
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Endo-polygalacturonases (PGs) are hydrolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of pectin, one of the major components of plant cell wall. While PGs from fungi, bacteria and plants have been extensively studied, PGs from insects are much less known, although they are likely to play an important role in insect-plant interactions. Presence of PGs has been reported for both piercing-sucking and chewing insect species, and possibly more commonly in mirid bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae). A screening of some common mirid species and other insects, belonging to different orders and families, was conducted using agarose diffusion assays run at different pHs. All the mirid species tested [Lygus rugulipennis Popp., L. pratensis (L.), Orthops kalmi (L.), Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) and Closterotomus norwegicus (Gmelin)] showed PG activity, mainly at pH 7-8, whereas no activity was recorded for the other insect species, except Sitophilus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). PG activity in females of L. pratensis was significantly higher than in males, whereas there were no differences between the sexes in the other species. In all these species, PGs were present both in the salivary glands and the gut, with a higher activity in the salivary glands, confirming the role of these enzymes in the feeding behaviour of mirid bugs. Inhibition of mirid PGs by polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) from different plant sources was analysed at pH 7. PGIPs are extracellular plant proteins known for their ability to inhibit fungal PGs and restrict fungal colonization. Two PGIPs from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvPGIP3 and PvPGIP4) inhibited PGs of all the mirid bugs tested. This information may be helpful for the development of innovative insect-resistant plant varieties, for use in low-impact IPM.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Activity of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) adults monitored around the periphery and inside a commercial vineyard
- Creator:
- Fleury, Diminique, Mauffette, Yves, Methot, Steve , and Vincent, Charles
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Miridae, Lygus lineolaris, tarnished plant bug, population, phenological stage of grapevine, vineyards and plant-insect relationship, and inside vs. periphery abundance
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), is a highly polyphagous pest that feeds on a broad range of economically important crops in North America. Flying L. lineolaris adults can move from crop to crop rapidly and easily. Little is known about the movement of L. lineolaris in or near vineyards. From May to October 2002 and 2003, 39 white sticky traps were positioned inside and at the periphery of a vineyard to study the movements of tarnished plant bug adults. Tarnished plant bug captures were most numerous from the end of July to mid August, with captures of ca. 3000 individuals in one week. During the vegetative season, most individuals were captured flying in and around the vineyard at a height of between 40 and 60 cm. The frequency with which the weeds were mown affected the numbers of adults captured. At the periphery of the vineyard, tarnished plant bug was more abundant near perennial vegetation, which tends to be stable (an apple orchard, a spruce wood), than in the vineyard where agronomic activities changed the availability of food. The tarnished plant bug adults did not hibernate in the vineyard. It is suggested that appropriate weed management will reduce the abundance of tarnished plant bugs in vineyards as it would deprive them of a number of suitable hosts for feeding and oviposition.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Annotated checklist of the plant bug tribe Mirini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) recorded on the Korean Peninsula, with descriptions of three new species
- Creator:
- Oh, Minsuk, Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari, and Lee, Seunghwan
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ploštice, klopuškovití, Heteroptera, Miridae, Korejský poloostrov, Mirinae, Mirini, checklist, key, new species, new record, Korean Peninsula, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An annotated checklist of the tribe Mirini (Miridae: Mirinae) recorded on the Korean peninsula is presented. A total of 113 species, including newly described and newly recorded species are recognized. Three new species, Apolygus hwasoonanus Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n., A. seonheulensis Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n. and Stenotus penniseticola Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n., are described. Eight species, Apolygus adustus (Jakovlev, 1876), Charagochilus (Charagochilus) longicornis Reuter, 1885, C. (C.) pallidicollis Zheng, 1990, Pinalitopsis rhodopotnia Yasunaga, Schwartz & Chérot, 2002, Philostephanus tibialis (Lu & Zheng, 1998), Rhabdomiris striatellus (Fabricius, 1794), Yamatolygus insulanus Yasunaga, 1992 and Y. pilosus Yasunaga, 1992 are reported for the first time from the Korean peninsula. Korean specimens previously identified as Eurystylus luteus Hsaio, 1941 are correctly recognized as E. sauteri Poppius, 1915. Three new synonyms are proposed: Apolygus atriclavus Kim & Jung, 2016 syn. n. of A. xanthomelas Yasunaga & Yasunaga, 2000, A. josifovi Kim & Jung, 2016 syn. n. of A. subpulchellus (Kerzhner, 1988) and Capsus koreanus Kim & Jung, 2015 syn. n. of C. wagneri Remane, 1950. Dorsal habitus photographs of the newly described or recorded species are presented along with figures of the genitalia of the new species. Keys to Korean genera and to species of Apolygus and Stenotus are provided. Zoogeography of the East Asian Mirini fauna is also discussed., Minsuk Oh, Tomohide Yasunaga, Ram Keshari Duwal, Seunghwan Lee., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Cannibalism among same-aged nymphs of the omnivorous predator Dicyphus errans (Hemiptera: Miridae) is affected by food availability and nymphal density
- Creator:
- Arvaniti, Konstantina , Fantinou, Argyro , and Perdikis, Dionyssios
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hemiptera, Miridae, Dicyphus errans, adult weight, cannibalism, density, development, food availability, and omnivorous predator
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cannibalism, the act of eating an individual of the same species has been little studied in omnivorous insect predators. Dicyphus errans (Wolff) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a generalist omnivorous predator that commonly occurs in tomato greenhouses and field crops in the Mediterranean basin. In this work cannibalism among same-aged neonate nymphs of D. errans was studied when 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 individuals were placed in a Petri dish along with or without heterospecific prey. Although nymphs were unable to complete their development in the absence of prey they survived longer when there were initially 2 individuals per dish than in any other treatment including a single individual. This may indicate that cannibalism in this predator has positive effect on nymphal survival, which however was not the case at higher densities. The presence of heterospecific prey increased nymphal survival and individuals were as equally successful in completing their development as when kept singly. Developmental time in all the treatments was very similar. Adult weight of both females and males was significantly greater when a nymph was reared alone and similar in all the other treatments. The results indicate that cannibalism occurs among neonates of D. errans if heterospecific prey is scarce and has a negative effect on adult weight when heterospecific prey is abundant. This should be considered in studies on enhancing the biocontrol efficiency or mass rearing of this predator.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Development of a sampling plan for Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) and its predator Macrolophus costalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) on tobacco
- Creator:
- Athanassiou, Christos G., Kavallieratos , Nickolas G., Tomanović, Željko, Tomanović, Snežana, and Milutinović, Marija
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Aphids, Myzus persicae, Miridae, Macrolophus costalis, tobacco, sampling, precision, and sample size
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A tobacco field in Greece was sampled during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons to assess the seasonal trends in densities and spatial distributions of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and its predatory mirid Macrolophus costalis (Fieber). On repeated occasions between June (just after the transplantation) and September (just before harvest), 20 tobacco leaves (10 from the upper and 10 from the lower plant part) were taken from randomly chosen plants. These leaves were sampled for aphids and mirids. In both years, the highest aphid densities were recorded during July and August, while aphid numbers were low in September. In contrast, the majority of M. costalis individuals were found during September when aphid numbers were low. Significantly more M. persicae individuals were found in the upper part of the plants, whereas significantly more M. costalis individuals were found in the lower part of the plants. As indicated by Taylor's Power Law estimates, both species were aggregated in their spatial distributions among sampling units (leaves). Wilson and Room's model, based on the Taylor's estimates, was used to calculate the mean number of aphids and mirids, from the proportion of sampling units (leaves) that had > 0 individuals of each species. This model provided a satisfactory fit of the data for both the aphid and the mirid. In addition, Wilson and Room's model was successfully used to predict the mean number of aphids and mirids in a series of samples that were carried out in the same area between June and September 2003 for model validation. Finally, equations are given for the calculation of precision in estimating the mean number of aphids or mirids per sampling unit, and the required sample size for a given level of precision.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Influence of different diets and oviposition substrates on Lygus rugulipennis biology (Heteroptera: Miridae)
- Creator:
- Salerno, Gianandrea, Frati, Francesca, Conti, Eric, and Bin, Ferdinando
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Miridae, Heteroptera, Lygus rugulipennis, rearing, artificial diet, beans, reproduction, development, survival, and weight
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different diets on the development and reproduction of Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae). Using 2 laboratory generations (F1 and F2) obtained from field-collected L. rugulipennis, the following diets were tested: beans, beans plus Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae, and a commercial artificial diet, which was developed for mass rearing of Lygus hesperus Knight. As oviposition substrates, beans and agar/parafilm rolls were used. Our data show that both the artificial diet and the artificial oviposition substrate were ineffective substitutes for beans for both laboratory generations. Stage-dependent and total survival rates clearly indicated that F1 Lygus bugs survive significantly longer when they are reared on vegetable substrates i.e., beans and beans plus pupae. The differential effects of the diets were more pronounced in the F2 generation, in which the embryonic development was longer for eggs from females reared on the artificial diet than on beans, and in which the second instar nymphs did not survive on the artificial diet. Both the total duration of post-embryonic development and the longevity of F1 males were shorter on the artificial diet than on beans. Female fecundity was affected by diet in terms of total duration of the oviposition period and mean number of eggs laid/female, since these parameters were lower on the artificial substrate, compared with those obtained on the bean substrate. However, the diet did not affect the morphological parameters, as there were no significant variations in weight, width of cephalic capsule, and tibia and hemelytra length. Since L. rugulipennis cannot be reared on the commercially available artificial diet, we discuss the necessity to improve both the artificial diet and oviposition substrate so that this Lygus bug and its specific egg parasitod Anaphes fuscipennis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) can be mass reared.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Mating periodicity and post-mating refractory period in the zoophytophagous plant bug Macrolophus caliginosus (Heteroptera: Miridae)
- Creator:
- Gemeno, César, Alomar, Oscar, Riudavets, Jordi, and Castané, Cristina
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Miridae, Macrolophus caliginosus, mating behaviour, periodicity, postmating refractory period, and remating
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The zoophytophagous mirid bug Macrolophus caliginosus is an important biocontrol agent of whiteflies in the Mediterranean region. Periods of low productivity in commercial breeding units and unsuccessful establishment in greenhouses prompted this study of mating behaviour. Here we describe copulation behaviour, the diel mating periodicity and post-copulatory refractory period. A natural plant substrate needs to be provided if one wants to observe the copulatory behaviour of M. caliginosus in the laboratory. There was no apparent directional orientation in the approach of the two sexes, instead males pursued females after "accidentally" contacting them. Males mounted females from above, very rapidly, and without any obvious courtship behaviour, and copulation duration was very consistent (286.33 ± 4.23 s, mean ± SE). Observations over a 24-h period showed that mating was most frequent in the 8-h scotophase and first half of the 16-h photophase than in the second half of the photophase. Mated females became strongly unreceptive to new male mounting attempts, shaking their abdomen and leaving the plant if harassed. To determine the duration of the post-mating refractory period mating receptivity of females that had mated 1 or 2 weeks earlier was compared with that of virgin females of similar age. Mated females remained unreceptive even 2 weeks after mating, whereas half of the virgin females of equivalent age mated. Mated females were more likely to abandon a plant than virgin females when harassed by a male. Most males remated a few minutes after mating for the first time. M. caliginosus is atypical among mirids in that females apparently mate only once.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. On the systematic position of Seychellesius Carvalho (Heteroptera: Miridae)
- Creator:
- Gorczyca, Jacek
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae, Termatophylini, Seychellesius, taxonomy, and redescription
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The monotypic genus Seychellesius Carvalho is transferred from the subfamily Cylapinae to Deraeocorinae, tribus Termatophylini Renter. Redescriptions and illustrations of the genus and its single species Seychellesius niger (Distant) are given.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public