The study focuses in particular to the institutional development of Czechoslovak ethnography in the period between the end of the World War II and the year 1953. The establishing of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in the years 1951/1952-1953 made an impact upon many scientific disciplines. Ethnography belonged to the 6th section, but for a long time it had been unclear how the State Institute for Folk Song, whose tradition reached to the year 1905, and the newly established Cabinet for Ethnography were to by connected. The present study tries to capture this effort for preserving the independent study of folklore, even though in close connection with ethnographic research, as well as the problem of the institutional embedding, that is, the gradual hiring of scientific workers, the composition of scientific committee and the editorial boards of important periodicals.