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2. A review of the European species of Phradis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), with a description of a new species from Spain
- Creator:
- Khalaim, Andrey I. , Bordera, Santiago , and Rodríguez-Berrío, Alexander
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae, Phradis, new species, taxonomy, key, Europe, and Spain
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- European species of the genus Phradis Förster, 1869 are reviewed. A new species from Spain, Phradis mediterraneus sp. n., is described and illustrated. A key to all 24 European species and data on distribution and biology of these species are provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Description of two new species of Enclisis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and support for the secretory role of tyloids in ichneumonid males
- Creator:
- Bordera, Santiago and Hernández-Rodríguez, Estefanía
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae, Enclisis, new species, taxonomy, key, phenology, secretory glands, tyloids, and Spain
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two new species of Enclisis Townes, 1970 from Spain are described and illustrated: E. dichroma sp.n. and E. schwarzi sp.n. The new species are distinguished from the closest species E. infernator and E. ornaticeps by head and leg characters and body colour. Data on their phenology and a key to these four European species are presented. External and internal scanning electron microscopy of male tyloids revealed that these structures, in both new species, have a secretory role.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Effectiveness of two sampling methods used for collecting Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in the Cabañeros National Park (Spain)
- Creator:
- Maźon, Marina and Bordera, Santiago
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ichneumonidae, Malaise trap, Moericke yellow trap, richness estimators, overlap indices, habitat structure, and Cabañeros National Park
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- When estimating the species richness of a taxonomic group in a specific area, the choice of the trapping method is extremely important. In this study the effectiveness of Malaise and Moericke yellow pan traps for collecting flying Ichneumonidae was compared. Samples were collected in 5 habitats in the Cabañeros National Park: pastureland, shrubland and three types of woodland. Two traps of each type were placed in each habitat, and samples collected over a period of one year, replacing the pots every 20 days. The study focused on eleven subfamilies of Ichneumonidae. The results showed that the composition of the Ichneumonidae in the catches of the two traps differed. Malaise traps were more effective in collecting Ichneumonidae in all habitats, but especially in the ash woodland. Moericke traps yielded the most abundant catches in open areas with a wider field of vision. The subfamily Orthocentrinae occurred more frequently in the Moericke yellow traps. The Ichneumonidae caught by both trapping methods differed, especially in the relative abundance of the most common species. When compiling an inventory of species it is extremely important to use a combination of both trapping methods.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Occurrence of arrhenotoky and thelytoky in a parasitic wasp Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): effect of endosymbionts or existence of two distinct reproductive modes?
- Creator:
- Foray, Vincent, Henri, Helene, Martinez, Sonia, Gibert, Patricia, and Desouhant, Emmanuel
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Venturia canescens, reproductive parasite, thelytokous parthenogenesis, sex evolution, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Endosymbiotic organisms are known to manipulate the reproductive biology of their hosts. Incomplete prevalence of endosymbiont inducing thelytokous parthenogenesis results in the coexistence of sexual and asexual individuals, and could account for the maintenance of sexual reproduction in certain populations or species. In the parasitoid Venturia canescens, arrhenotokous ("sexual") and thelytokous ("asexual") individuals occur sympatrically. We aimed to determine whether endosymbionts are implicated in the thelytoky of V. canescens. After screening females of the two reproductive modes for several reproductive parasites: bacteria (Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Bacteroidetes, Spiroplasma, Arsenophonus) and Microsporidia, we concluded that thelytoky in V. canescens is not induced by any of these parasites and confirmed its suitability as a biological model for solving the evolutionary enigma of the maintenance of sexual reproduction., Vincent Foray ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Short-term indirect interactions between two moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species mediated by shared parasitoids: The benefit of being scarce
- Creator:
- Teder, Tiit and Tammaru, Toomas
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Parasitoids, indirect effects, apparent competition, coexistence, host preference, frequency dependence, Ichneumonidae, Noctuidae, Nonagria typhae, and Archanara sparganii
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Despite the impact of parasitoids on insect populations being extensively studied, indirect parasitoid-mediated effects remain rarely documented in natural communities. We examined the influence of shared parasitoids on the interactions between two functionally monophagous moths, Nonagria typhae and Archanara sparganii. The moths showed a considerable variation in terms of relative abundance and the degree of phenological synchrony between the species. On average, parasitism levels caused by shared parasitoids did not differ between the two host species. Relative parasitism levels of the two hosts, however, varied considerably among different samples. Percentage parasitism of the scarcer species, A. sparganii, thus could not be fully explained by that of the dominant species, N. typhae. The results indicated that A. sparganii may benefit from the presence of N. typhae. In particular, both low relative density as well as high phenological synchrony with N. typhae reduced parasitism levels in A. sparganii. The case thus indicates the presence of parasitoid-mediated indirect effects between the coexisting herbivores. The patterns of host use observed in this study are consistent with the scenario of frequency-dependent host use caused by changes in parasitoid behavior. Such a host use by parasitoids is suggested to promote numerical stability and coexistence of the moth species in the system studied.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Testing the impact of laboratory reared indigenous leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae) on sentinel hosts in controlled orchard releases
- Creator:
- Cossentine, Joan E.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Braconidae, Apanteles polychrosidis, Macrocentrus linearis, Ichneumonidae, Apophua simplicipes, Glypta variegata, Tortricidae, Choristoneura rosaceana, orchard release, and parasitoid
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Leafrollers can experience high levels of indigenous parasitism in organically managed apple orchards and the augmentative release of specific parasitoid species to suppress these secondary pests may be advantageous in orchards converting to non-chemical pest management. Caged and uncaged releases of two ichneumonid [Apophua simplicipes (Cresson) and Glypta variegata Dasch] and two braconid (Macrocentrus linearis Nees and Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck) koinobiont endoparasitoids of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on host-infested potted apple trees were conducted to assess the parasitoids' abilities to find and successfully parasitize sentinel hosts under orchard conditions. Seasonal timing of the trials varied for each parasitoid species, based on their relative performance under simulated summer/fall conditions in laboratory trials. After the release of five or fifty parasitoid females, the mean percent parasitism of leafroller larvae collected from infested trees ranged from 0 to 75% depending on the parasitoid species involved. Although caged releases tended to increase the percentage of live parasitized hosts in release treatments, uncaged releases provided a more realistic assessment of the parasitoid's ability to seek and find hosts within an infested area over a longer period. Release of the large, solitary A. simplicipes, had the most significant impact on the host population density.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. The genus Nipponaetes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) in Costa Rica, with a reassessment of the generic limits
- Creator:
- Broad, Gavin, Laurenne, Nina M., and Quicke, Donald L. J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae, Tryphoninae, Nipponaetes, Zurquilla, 28S, host, spider, phylogeny, and new synonymy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The endemic Costa Rican genus Zurquilla Gauld, 1997, is transferred from the ichneumonid subfamily Tryphoninae (tribe Oedemopsini) to the Cryptinae (tribe Phygadeuontini) and synonymised with Nipponaetes Uchida, 1933. This decision is justified using morphological and molecular (28S D2-3 ribosomal DNA sequence) evidence. We briefly discuss the phylogenetic utility of characters that led to the type species of Zurquilla being described as a tryphonine and provide a host record that indicates that Nipponaetes is a parasitoid of spider egg sacs.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. The parasitoid species complex associated with sexual and parthenogenetic Naryciinae (Lepidoptera: Psychidae): Integrating ecological and molecular analyses
- Creator:
- Elzinga, Jelmer A., Zwakhals, Kees, Mappes, Johanna, and Grapputo, Alessandro
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, barcoding, larval remains, parasitism, parthenogenesis, sex ratio, COI, COII, Wingless, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Naryciinae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_This study describes the parasitoid species complex associated with seven closely related species of sexual (Siederia rupicollella, S. listerella, Dahlica lazuri, D. charlottae and D. lichenella) and parthenogenetic (Dahlica fennicella and D. triquetrella) Naryciinae (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in Central Finland. A thorough ecological analysis of all the species of parasitoids recorded was combined with analyses of molecular data. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data were obtained from all the species in order to (1) detect cryptic species associated with host specialization, (2) assign undescribed males to females, and (3) verify the morphological identification of closely related species. A DNA barcoding technique was employed to identify host species from parasitized larval remains. By sampling more than 10,000 host larvae, of which 25.7% were parasitized, nine parasitoid species were identified morphologically, including both koinobionts (Ichneumonidae: Diadegma incompletum, Macrus parvulus, Trachyarus borealis, T. solyanikovi, T. fuscipes, T. brevipennis and Braconidae: Meteorus affinis) and idiobionts (Ichneumonidae: Orthizema flavicorne, Gelis fuscicornis). Ecological characteristics such as time and mode of host attack, time of emergence and level of specialization differed widely. The results show that differences in parasitoid biology need to be taken into account when studying differences in percentage parasitism of sexual and parthenogenetic Naryciinae. The molecular data revealed that one parasitoid species M. parvulus may consist of two cryptic forms associated with the sexual and parthenogenetic hosts, respectively. The data further establishes that T. brevipennis and some T. fuscipes are in fact morphotypes of one species. The large variation in mitochondrial DNA within species and its inconsistency with nuclear DNA demonstrate that current species and genus delimitation is inadequate in the, a2_Trachyarus species group. Our study shows that it is essential to use DNA barcoding methods when investigating host-parasitoid complexes., and Jelmer A. Elzinga, Kees Zwakhals, Johanna Mappes, Alessandro Grapputo.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public