In Dialectics of the Concrete (1963), Karel Kosík entered into a virtual dialogue with Herbert Marcuse on philosophy and social theory. Central to this discussion is the necessity and freedom dialectic. Kosík referred to several of Marcuse’s works, arguing that Marcuse aimed to abolish philosophy and replace it with social theory. I review two other of Marcuse’s significant works, which were written within this period and are relevant to Kosík’s argument. I conclude that there is great value in re-examining and going further into Marcuse’s extensive investigations of the necessity and freedom dialectic. Kosík’s assessments, based on Marx’s concept of labor in Theories of Surplus Value, and in Capital, vol. 3, on the potential of freedom in the realm of necessity, were ultimately truer than were Marcuse’s conclusions with respect to the development of the necessity and freedom dialectic from Hegel to Marx. But, unlike Marcuse’s approach, Kosík’s assessment of the philosophic dimension involved a conception of Schelling’s instead of Hegel’s ideas as the primary link to Marx’s concept of the dialectic of the realm of necessity and the realm of freedom – the transition from a capitalist to a post-capitalist society. Kosík’s approach obscured Hegel’s detailed examination and illumination of this issue, the brilliance of which involved a historical version of philosophy’s integration of social theory. The latter enabled Marx’s eventual consummation of his theory of the transition from a capitalist to a post-capitalist society, which remains, even to this day, the crucial issue underlying the on-going philosophy-social theory dialectic.
Psychoanalytický výklad politiky není zdaleka výjimečný. Poměrně populární jsou sychoanalytické výklady života a činnosti velkých politických vůdců – viz Valenty, Feldman [2001] či Post [2003]. V praktické politické činnosti pak někteří psychoanalytici vidí sublimaci sexuálních pudů (freudisté), kompenzaci komplexu méněcennosti (adlerovci), projev určitých kolektivních mýtů (jungovci) apod. Cílem příspěvku je prozkoumat možnost aplikace psychoanalýzy pro výklad politických fenoménů blíže., Classical Psychoanalysis and Politics. The article is concerned with psychoanalysis and its application to politics. First part focuses on social thinking of Sigmund Freud. Second part examines political insights of Carl Gustav Jung. Third part examines the social theory of Erich Fromm. Forth part calls attention to political opinions of Herbert Marcuse. The article highlights a traditional Freudian approach to society and politics., and Marek Loužek.