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Start Over Subject Alzheimerova choroba

2. An ideal biological marker of Alzheimer's disease: dream or reality?

Creator:
Daniela Řípová and Anna Strunecká
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Alzheimerova choroba, bílkoviny, recenze, Alzheimer's disease, proteins, reviews, biological peripheral marker, β-amyloid, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Senile dementia of Alzheimer´s type (AD) is commonly characterized as a neurodegenerative disorder, which exhibits gradual changes of consciousness, loss of memory, perception and orientation as well as loss of personality and intellect. AD prevalence increases dramatically with age and is the fourth cause of death in Europe and in the USA. Currently, there are no available biological markers, which gives clinicians no other alternative than to rely upon clinical diagnosis by exclusion. There is no assay of objective ante mortem biochemical phenomena that relate to the pathophysiology of this disease. The pathophysiology of AD is connected with alterations in neurotransmission, plaque formation, cytoskeletal abnormalities and disturbances of calcium homeostasis. The search for a test, which is non-invasive, simple, cheap and user-friendly, should be directed at accessible body fluids. Only abnormalities replicated in large series across different laboratories fulfilling the criteria for a biological marker are likely to be of relevance in diagnosing AD. To date, only the combination of cerebrospinal fluid t and Ab42 most closely approximate an ideal biomarker of Alzheimer´s disease. A short review on the role of biological markers in AD on the basis of the literature, contemporary knowledge and our own recent findings are presented., D. Řípová, A. Strunecká., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Differential effects of statins and alendronate on cholinesterases in serum and brain of rats

Creator:
Cibičková, Ľ., Vladimír Palička, Norbert Cibiček, Čermáková, E., Stanislav Mičuda, Ladislava Bartošová, and Daniel Jun
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biochemie, cholesterol, Alzheimerova choroba, biochemistry, Alzheimer's disease, simvastin, atorvastin, alendronate, acetylcholinesterase, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors represent standard treatment of Alzheimer´s disease. Cholesterol plays an important role in Alzheimer´s disease development. Because cholesterol synthesis may be inhibited by statins or bisphosphonates, we hypothesized that these drugs might possibly have an influence on cholinesterases. Moreover, we also evaluated if the cholesterol-lowering agents that cross the blood-brain barrier (e.g. simvastatin) should be more effective than those which do not (e.g. atorvastatin). Four groups of rats were orally administered simvastatin, atorvastatin, alendronate or vehicle for seven days. Thereafter, blood samples were taken and the basal ganglia, septum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus were isolated from brains for measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity. In the blood, activities of neither acetyl- nor butyrylcholinesterase were influenced by any of the applied drugs. In the brain, no significant changes in AChE activity were observed after administration of atorvastatin. Both simvastatin and alendronate significantly suppressed the activity of AChE in the frontal cortex. In conclusion, our results confirmed the hypothesis that cholesterol-modifying drugs modulate AChE activity and it is more reasonable to use a blood-brain barrier penetrating drug., Ľ. Cibičková, V. Palička, N. Cibiček, E. Čermáková, S. Mičuda, L. Bartošová, D. Jun., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats: a model of Alzheimer’s disease

Creator:
Zakaria, R., Wan Yaacob, W. M. H., Othman, Z., Long, I., Ahmad, A. H., and Al-Rahbi, B.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Alzheimerova choroba, Alzheimer's disease, lipopolysaccharide, memory impairment, rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia in the middle-aged and elderly worldwide. Animal models for AD are widely used to study the disease mechanisms as well as to test potential therapeutic agents for disease modification. Among the non-genetically manipulated neuroinflammation models for AD, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced animal model is commonly used. This review paper aims to discuss the possible factors that influence rats’ response following LPS injection. Factors such as dose of LPS, route of administration, nature and duration of exposure as well as age and gender of animal used should be taken into account when designing a study using LPS-induced memory impairment as model for AD., R. Zakaria, W. M. H. Wan Yaacob, Z. Othman, I. Long, A. H. Ahmad, B. Al-Rahbi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Plasma levels of adipokines in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: Where is the "breaking point" in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis?

Creator:
Vaňková, Markéta, Vacínová, Gabriela, Včelák, Josef, Vejražková, Daniela, Lukášová, Petra, Rusina, Robert, Holmerová, Iva, Jarolímová, Eva, Vaňková, Hana, and Bendlová, Běla
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Alzheimerova choroba, leptin, Alzheimer's disease, adiponectin, adipsin, bloodbased biomarker, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Peripheral insulin resistance is associated with decreasing adiponectin and increasing leptin plasma levels, and also with cognitive decline. The effects of adipokines on brain function have been published from both animal and human studies. In particular, the influence of leptin and adiponectin on the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been extensively investigated. However, the association between adipsin and AD is as yet unknown. In 37 patients with AD and 65 controls that followed the same study protocol, we tested whether adiponectin, leptin, and adipsin could be used as biomarkers in the early stages of AD. In contrast with conclusions of cognition studies in insulin resistant states, our study found a correlation of impaired neuropsychological performance with increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin in AD patients. Nevertheless, no significant differences between patients and controls were found. AD women had significantly increased adipsin compared to controls, and there was a positive correlation of adipsin with age and disease duration. Although adipokines do not appear to be suitable biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, they certainly play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Further studies will be needed to explain the cause of the adipokine “breaking point” that leads to the pathogenesis of overt AD., Markéta Vaňková, Gabriela Vacínová, Josef Včelák, Daniela Vejražková, Petra Lukášová, Robert Rusina, Iva Holmerová, Eva Jarolímová, Hana Vaňková, Běla Bendlová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Reduced sulfotransferase SULT2A1 activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Creator:
Markéta Vaňková, Hill, M., Velíková, M., Josef Včelák, Vacínová, G., Petra Lukášová, Daniela Vejražková, Kateřina Dvořáková, Robert Rusina, Iva Holmerová, Eva Jarolímová, Vaňková, H., and Běla Bendlová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Alzheimerova choroba, steroidy, Alzheimer's disease, steroids, SULT2A1, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Steroids are important components in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although their role has been studied, the corresponding metabolomic data is limited. In the present study we evaluate the role of steroid sulfotransferase SULT2A1 in the pathophysiology of AD on the basis of circulating steroids (measured by GC-MS), in which the sulfation catalyzed by SULT2A1 dominates over glucuronidation (pregnenolone/sulfate, DHEA/sulfate, androstenediol/sulfate and 5α-reduced pregnane and androstane catabolites). To estimate a general trend of SUL2A1 activity in AD patients we compared the ratios of steroid conjugates to their unconjugated counterparts (C/U) in controls (11 men and 22 women) and AD patients (18 men and 16 women) for individual circulating steroids after adjustment for age and BMI using ANCOVA model including the factors AD status and gender. Decreased C/U ratio for the C19 steroids demonstrate an association between attenuated sulfation of C19 steroids in adrenal zona reticularis and the pathophysiology of AD., M. Vaňková, M. hill, M. Velíková, J. Včelák, G. Vacínová, P. Lukášová, D. Vejražková, K. Dvořáková, R. Rusina, I. Holmerová, E. Jarolímová, H. Vaňková, B. Bendlová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public