For companies doing business in mining mineral deposits, ensuring safe work is one of the key tasks (Safety First!). One of the important trends in this area is prevention and endeavour to forestall risk situations. Risks need to be searched, technically described, spatially defined, evaluated and categorized by degree of risk. Complex geological and stability conditions can be one of the sources of persistent and significant risks, which are mainly landslides and rockslides threatening both mining equipment and employees. The problem described in this article and its solution concerns the Most Basin (formerly the North Bohemian Lignite Basin). This is a tertiary basin that was founded in the Oligocene. The main mineral is lignite and mining takes place on the surface. The main excavating machinery in the surface lignite quarries in Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland) is the bucket wheel excavator., Roman Kapica, Dana Vrublová and Martin Vrubel., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper presents the results of investigations on changes of the parameters of coal and surrounding rocks in the fault zones in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin. It has been shown that these zones, in relation to the undisturbed coal seams, reveal a n enrichment with some substances that pose a threat to the natural environment and that they also show a deterioration in the strength parameter values of rocks which threaten the safety of the operation. The greatest threat for the environment constituted sulphur and the ash. In the zone of the fault, it wa s observed that sulphur behaved in two ways. In the first case, the total sulphur and pyritic sulphur increased significantly by 192.3 and 823.5 %, respectively, and a small quantity of sulphate sulphur was found here, whereas in the other case, the total sulphur and pyritic sulphur decreased by 31.6 an d 35.3 %, respectively, and sulp hate sulphur increased considerably and reached up to 600 %. The mean content of ash increased by 171.8 %. The mechanical strenght of the rocks under uniaxial compressive strength in the fault zones decreased by 67 %, the microhardness of coal decreased to zero, and the intensity of cracks in coal grains increased by 359.1 %., Stanisław Roman Cmiel., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The importance of GIS detailed data for geomorphostructural study is discussed. This paper is a case study in the area of Inowrocław (central Poland). This small area is a place being a concentration of geological processes and its relief depicted by a number of height points (with determined elevations of satisfying accuracy required in the analysis) demonstrates their effects. The invented approach is based on a numerical analysis of actual and theoretical relief surfaces. Considering the area type this study involves a high resolution model of the relief. There are specified examples of correlation between morphological features and tectonic structures. The presented results prove a role of structural elements (faults) in development of geomorphostructural features and a tectonic mobility as a significant factor forming the area relief., Zbigniew Szczerbowski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper describes a prototype of the authors own design used to measure the relative inclinations of engineering objects and inanimate nature phenomena. A set of measurements can be used to determine ground surface deformation caused by mining activities or due to influences of hydro-geological, geotechnical or construction. The instrument was built with elements of the optoelectronic technique. Fiber optic, CCD camera and semiconductor laser are the basic building blocks of the device. The elaborated device runs on a Central Registration and Data Processing (CRP D) System. The deflection of freely suspended fiber are recorded by a CCD camera and next are transmitted to an external recorder (eg. notebook). Natural light or laser light was introduced into the fiber. The length of the fiber and the optical construction affects the measuring range of the device. The accuracy of instruments depends on: method of fiber suspension, method of fiber attenuation fluctuations, resolution CCD camera and identification method of the image laser spot recorded. Experiments have shown that the built prototype device is able to obtain a submillimetre accuracy., Kazimierz Ćmielewski, Janusz Kuchmister, Piotr Gołuch and Krzysztof Kowalski., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The future of the global and local geodynamic researches belongs to permanent monitoring. The conception of the semipermanent GPS observations’ application in geodynamic research in Sudetes area is presented in this paper. The conception is based on spatial modeling of the disturbing phenomena in the coordinate time series of (semi) permanent stations. The local interplate movements and their correlation with major European tectonic structures are determined on the strength of coordinate time series of these stations. The problem of epoch integration with semipermanent and permanent (EPN/IGS) observations for local geodynamic monitoring is also investigated., Bernard Kontny, Jarosław Bosy and Andrzej Borkowski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article discusses techniques for interpreting satellite images, which are capable of detecting and monitoring landslip zones, and presents a research plan for the study of landslips with the use of satellite interferometry. The exceptionally longlasting and heavy rainfall that occurred in 1997 initiated more than 20,000 landslips within the Polish Carpathians. These landslips continue to pose a threat. Some of them move almost imperceptibly - slowly but continually - yet long-lasting periods of heavy rainfall can lead to catastrophe. The price can be human lives, as well as losses into the millions connected with the devastation of technical infrastructures and entire housing estates. The sheer number of landslips that occur in the Polish Carpathians makes the traditional ways of researching them insufficient. Satellite remote sensing allows capturing a large area of interest on a single photo. Many various satellites photograph the surface of the Earth using different techniques, allowing for the selection of the best-suited image type for a given application. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are utilized in landslip studies. The images may be interpreted using the InSAR and/or PSInSAR techniques. Both methods are capable of detecting landslip zones and monitoring them in order to assess the risk of a sudden landslide. Information of this type is significant to local authorities when planning the activities necessary to protect the safety of inhabitants and the local technical infrastructure., Katarzyna Mirek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We apply a traditional method of surface wave tomography as a new approach to investigate the uppermost crust velocities in the Western Bohemia region (Czech Republic). It enables us to look for velocity distribution in a small scale of tens of kilometers. We measure Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves in a period range 0.25 - 2.0 s along paths crossing the region of interest. We use modified multiple-filtering method for frequency-time analysis. We compute 2-D tomography maps of group velocity distribution in the region for eight selected periods using the standard methods and programs described in literature. We discuss the velocity distribution with respect to results of former study by Nehybka and Skácelová (1997). We present a set of local dispersion curves which may be further inverted to obtain a 3-D shear wave velocity image of the area., Petr Kolínský and Johana Brokešová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The thermal resistance is one of the important behaviors of the construction and thermal insulating materials. This study describes foamed material made from fluidized bed ash (FBA) in combination with natural smectite having a filler function. The foaming effect was insured by addition of metallic aluminum to the FBA/smectite mixture. Highly calcareous FBA containing calcium oxide creates during slaking processes an alkali reaction and with aluminum develops foaming agent - hydrogen. Study of thermal resistance was a part of experiments directed on heat insulating materials and article presents test results of this life gardening material. Specific attention was focused on differences between the results of chemical analyses and the crystal phases identified by X-ray diffractions. The paper presents hypothesis of chained alumina-silicates acting as bonding agent confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy and assuring together with calcium sulfates high thermal resistance even under condition of direct flame attack., Tomáš Hanzlíček and Ivana Perná., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The impact of blasting operations is accompanied by both positive and negative after-effects. Vibrations, activated by explosion, help to disintegrate the rocks representing a positive effect on one hand and a negative effect on the other and they endanger the surrounding buildings and other properties. If the vibrations are large enough, then the ambient objects could be damaged or destroyed. The negative effects depend on their range and strength. Vibration intensity of seismic waves is generally proportional to the weight of the explosive used. Recently, negative effects of the blasting operations and quantification of the seismic safety have been highly actual and stand for a challenging problem. The article highlights the results of the blasting operation monitoring in some quarry in Slovakia., Julián Kondela and Blažej Pandula., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
An assemblage of Al-low titanite and ilmenite is present in Ti-rich microgranodiorites intruded in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif. Titanite is characterized by coupled substitution (Al, Fe3+) + (F, OH) ⇔ Ti +O, with a slight excess of (Al, Fe3+)-OH component over of (Al, Fe3+)-F component. Ilmenites have FeTiO3 amount between 86 and 95 mol. % and are partly enriched in the MnTiO3 (pyrophanite) component (4-10 mol. %). The relatively low content of MnTiO3 component in ilmenite, together with absence of magnetite suggests that first crystallization phase of microgranodiorites connected with origin of ilmenite started in conditions of low fO2. However, titanite together with ferroactinolite originated in late-magmatic stage most likely due to hydration reaction such as clinopyroxene + ilmenite + quartz + H2O = titanite + amphibole during some increasing of fO2 and fH2O., Miloš René., and Obsahuje bibliografii