The observation network was built for the repeated determination of spatial position of points by means of the GPS method. It was built on the surface above extracted mining panels near Karviná, to monitor the development of subsidence depression in non-trivial geo-mechanical conditions. Two years of repeated surveying gave us the information about the process of creating of the subsidence depression in such area. The results gained so far show the important influence of the complicated tectonic situation on the behaviour of surface subsidence. A smooth development of subsidence depression without important irregularities was found out on sites without tectonic faults, while on sites where rock mass is disturbed with tectonic faults, the shape of subsidence depression is very irregular., Hana Doležalová, Vlastimil Kajzar, Kamil Souček and Lubomír Staš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Numidian quartz-rich sandstones collected from four different reconstructed sections along the Apennine chain of Southern Italy, have been studied for their textural, petrographic and geochemical characteristics to verify their potential industrial use. Sampling was carried out along a NW-SE transect: Monteverde and Aquilonia sections at NW (Campania Region) and Valsinni and Rotondella ones at SE (Lucania Region). The sandstones from NW successions are subarkoses with subordinate sublitharenites. High compositional maturity is shown by these sandstones containing high SiO2 values (93wt% in average) and lowest amounts of CaO (0.08 wt%), MgO (0.1wt%), Fe2O3 (0.9 wt%) due to the absence of carbonate components (cement and lithics) and scarce presence of clay-ferruginous cement. The sandstones from SE successions show lower contents of SiO2 (87 wt% in average) and relatively higher contents of CaO (up to 7.4 wt%), MgO (up to 1.9 wt%) and Fe2O3 (up to 4.6 wt%) as compared to the previous ones, connected to the presence of calcite and clay-ferruginous cements; these can be classified as Fe-sands with subordinate sublitharenites. The sandstones from NW area show a better potential vocation to be used in the glass industry. However, the coloring elements contents are too high for clear or optical glass production. They are it is suitable as raw material for colored glass, insulating fibres, foundry molds or air Crete. With the aim of assessing the possible improvement of chemical characters, four granulometric fractions (A< 63 μm, B 63-125 μm, C 125-250 μm and D >250μm) were analyzed considering four samples from NW successions., a2_Based on chemical composition, C and D fractions from Aquilonia area, are the most suitable for a coloured glass, while fractions A (<63 μm) and B (63-125 μm) mixed in proportions of 40 % (A) and 60 % (B), appropriately cleaned of clays, heavy minerals and iron hydroxides, could be used as raw material for the paint industry. The obtained results suggest a complete exploitation of this type of sandstones in the manufacturing industry, reducing waste materials and enhancing the economic value of these resources from southern regions of Italy., Annamaria Fornelli and Francesca Micheletti., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The dedicated satellite gravity missions have provided homogeneous and uniformly accurate information on the long and medium wavelengths of the Earth’s gravity field. Since the launch of GOCE satellite gravimetry mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2009, several global geopotential models (GGMs) have been published. This study evaluates the recent GOCE-based GGMs over the area of Poland. The evaluation has been performed with the use of the EGM08 as well as high-precision GPS/levelling control traverse consisting of 184 stations. One GOCE-only GGM, four GOCE/GRACE satellite-only GGMs, and one GOCE/GRACE GGM combined with terrestrial gravity data have been selected for the evaluation. The results of inter-comparison of the models as well as their accuracy assessment have been discussed., Walyeldeen Godah and Jan Krynski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
An observation network was built to observe the process of creating of a subsidence depression above exploited coal mining panels near Karviná. Points of the observation network were periodically surveyed by geodetic GPS method from 2006 to 2009. This method enables the evaluation of both vertical subsidence and horizontal shifts. Such complex evaluation of processes on the surface of the undermined area makes it possible to understand the progress of the subsidence depression caused by undermining. The results have shown on areas of irregular development of the subsidence depression. The irregularities are caused by a complicated tectonic situation and former exploitation in given locality and also active exploitation in the surroundings of given locality., Hana Doležalová, Vlastimil Kajzar, Kamil Souček and Lubomír Staš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Russian electrodynamic seismometer named S-5-S is adaptable for measurement of rotational ground motion. In this paper brief information about mentioned adaptation is presented. Initial results from experimental m easurement in Karviná region in 2011 with high mining induced seismicity are documented. Measured values for the horizontal component reached up to 1 mrad s-1 , while the seismic energy of these events did not exceed the value of 10 5 J and hypocentral distances were within 2 km., Zdeněk Kaláb and Jaromír Knejzlík., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This paper is dealing with a detection of ground water flow in a granite massif. The flow was studied between boreholes of a testing polygon situated in a granite quarry. So called cross-hole (C-H) tests were used to detect fracture based connection between the boreholes. The tests were proceeded in steady-state ground water flow conditions. There were TV cameras used to detect a uranine tracer. The cameras were equipped by an orange filter and well defined blue light. A geometrical model of the fracture system in the area of interest was proposed according to C-H tests data. A hydrogeological model was calibrated using the very same data. Results pointed out subhorizontal fracture connection between the boreholes. Main advantages of the TV camera usage are possibil ities of accurate localization onto a structure, an immediate detection of tracer onset time and a continual data record., Karel Sosna, Milan Brož, Michal Vaněček and Michal Polák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This research work involved the use of factorial design technique to investigate the adsorption of silver ions from water onto montmorillonite. There is a growing interest in using low-cost and commercially available materials for the adsorption of heavy metals. Clay particles are strongly anisotropic and exhibit faces and edges, which are very different in surface area and in chemical behavior. It has been reported that the abundance of clay minerals and their low cost has posed them a strong candidate as adsorbent for removal of heavy metal from wastewater. In this study, a factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate the adsorption of silver ions from water onto montmorillonite. The experimental factors and their respective levels that were selected include a pH of 3 - 8, an adsorbent dosage of 0.5-2.0 g/L and an initial silver ions concentration of 20-200 mg/L. The results were analyzed statistically using the Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, F-test and lack of fit to define most important process variables affecting the percentage silver ions adsorption., Feza Geyikçi and Hanife Büyükgüngör., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The paper presents the foundations of MAFA method, as well as its application to the pro cessing of new GPS and Galileo signals. The presented numerical tests have been carried out on the basis of data obtained from a hardware GNSS signal simulator as there are currently too few Galileo satellites on orbit. In the proposed methodology, first linear combinations have been formed using new GNSS signals. These linear combinations constitute a data set for a cascade adjustmen talgorithm employing extended MAFA method. Feasibility of a single-epoch precise positioning has been tested. The single-epoch positioning is particularly important for reliable real-time landslide and deformation monitoring. The obtained test results show a high success rate of the extended MAFA method. The number of the correct single-epoch solutions varied from 85 % to over 99 % depending on the baseline length and accuracy of an a priori position. Thus, the MAFA method may be successfully used with new GPS and Galileo signals, even for the processing of single-epoch data., Sławomir Cellmer, Jacek Paziewski and Paweł Wielgosz., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Most of natural materials contain traces of chlorine and it enters also to the combustion process. Chlorine products of combustions are usually inorganic hydrogen chloride vapors and chloride salts, nevertheless smaller amount of organic chlorine compounds are formed. Simpler of these organic compounds can act as greenhouse and ozone depleting gases; more complex compounds are directly dangerous for their mutagenity or extreme toxity like so called dioxines. Non-fossil natural materials and fuels derived of them can contain more chlorine than common coal. From the published research studies is evident that the formation of organochlorine compounds is limited to the temperature range 300-800 °C. At the higher temperatures, these compounds are destroyed. In the stage of flue gas cooling some chlorine may be by a "de novo" synthesis introduced to the organic form. Well-controlled combustion of alternative fuels need not contribute to the increase of amount of emissions of dangerous chlorine compounds. In our research were moreover studied the fuels with lower chlorine content. The experimental tests of the emissions from large-scale industrial fluid bed boiler indicated that substitution of large percentage of coal by alternative fuels had no significant effect., Kamil Wichterle, Jan Cieslar, Antonín Klečka, Zdeněk Klika and Václav Roubíček., and Obsahuje bibliografii
An identification of the responsible faults for the destructive earthquakes of 1894 in the Atalanti region was carried out by employing a novel application of 3D finite-difference wavefield modeling. Several faults proposed in the literature were tested in detailed 3D simulations, by also utilizing a detailed local 3D velocity model, as well as the local topography. The assessment of the most probable sources for these events was based on the correlation of reported damages with the distribution of the simulated peak ground acceleration. Furthermore, the distribution of the spectral amplitudes at higher frequencies that are related to the resonant frequencies of the local buildings on that time period was also used as an indicator. The general effect of the local 3D subsurface structure on the propagation of the wavefield and the spatial distribution of the ground motion was also investigated. The Malessina fault was identified as a probable source for the main event of 20/4/1894 based on the results of the 3D modeling, whereas the 3D effect was found to be a highly contributing factor to the distribution of the simulated ground motion., Mouzakiotis Evangelos, Karastathis Vassilios, Voulgaris Nikolaos,Papadimitriou Panagiotis, Sboras Sotirios and Gerolymatos Ilias., and Obsahuje bibliografii