In 2012, rescue excavations were carried out in front of the front facade of the Church of Our Lady of the Snows in Denisova Street in Olomouc. The original Middle- and Late-Hillfort terrain was removed. Layers containing pottery dated mainly to the 10th century also turned up fragments of mortar, plaster, bricks and roofing, which indicates the presence of an Early Medieval church in close proximity. “Monk-and-nun” roof tiles of antique type probably come from an older Roman construction. Early Medieval occupation layers adjoined a ditch, a remain of the fortification between Předhradí and the town, which was established as early as Early Middle Ages and was used till the 14th century. Another remain of the original fortification of Předhradí is the find of stone romanesque masonry with north-south orientation. The excavations also uncovered remains of stone constructions of an original Minorite church.
The author presents the preliminary results of the excavation of the Mikulčice acropolis fortifi cation near Church II. Any rampart is the largest such structure built by the Mojmír dynasty. The importance of this particular fortifi cation lies in the fact that it is the rampart of the main area of one of the top Great Moravian centers of power that protected, among other things, a number of religious buildings and a district with the only properly documented stone palace of a Great Moravian ruler. Great Moravian rampart is composed of a stone face wall, clay-wood core strengthened by grates and a stone substructure ringed by stake palisades, in front of, and in some places partially under, the face wall. The substructure’s role was most likely to bear the face wall’s weight and to strengthen the artifi cial slope under it against water erosion by the nearby river. The conclusion poses the main issues and unknowns that remain to be discovered and answered about the Mikulčice fortifi cation, Marian Mazuch., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Dvojdílné hradiště v Praze-Královicích náleží do skupiny velkých vícedílných středočeských hradů raného středověku. Vzdálenost 17 km od Pražského hradu dovoluje uvažovat o tom, že plnilo funkci důležitého strategického bodu kontrolujícího přístup do Pražské kotliny od východu. Kvůli antikvovanému datování do 11. a 12. století se ale dosud nacházelo na periferii archeologického zájmu. V průběhu posledních čtyř let proběhlo v lokalitě několik archeologických aktivit, které zařadily vznik hradiště do doby prvních Přemyslovců. Text prezentuje výsledky výzkumu vnějšího opevnění. Poměrně přesné datování jeho vzniku se může opřít o dendrodatum získané z roštové konstrukce. V závěrečné části se pokoušíme o zařazení hradiště do historického kontextu a zvažujeme socioekonomické implikace transportu obrovského množství kamene na stavbu čelní kamenné plenty ze vzdálenosti nejméně 9,5 km. and The bipartite stronghold in Prague-Královice is part of a group of large, multipartite early medieval strongholds in central Bohemia. The fact that the stronghold is located a mere 17 km to the southeast of Prague Castle raises the question of whether it served as an important strategic point controlling access to the Prague basin from the east. However, due to its antiquated dating to the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the stronghold has remained until now on the periphery of archaeological interest. Several archaeological activities conducted at the site over the past four years have dated the construction of the stronghold to the period of the first Přemyslids. The text presents the results of the outer fortification excavation. The relatively precise dating of its founding is supported by a dendrochronological date acquired from the wooden frame of the rampart. In the final part of the paper an attempt is made to place the stronghold in a historical context, and the authors speculate on the socioeconomic implications of the transport of enormous amounts of stone for the construction of the front screen wall from a distance of at least 9.5 km.
An archaeological survey of the multicultural site in Moravičany at Soutok has been underway since the 1950s. It is a site around the current church of St. George, near the confluence of the Třebůvka and Morava rivers. In addition to numerous settlements from practically all epochs of prehistory and protohistory, the settlement in the Early and High Middle Ages were documented. The oldest finds date back to the Early Slavonic Period and continue in the Early Hillfort Period and the Middle Hillfort Period. However, this is a rural agricultural settlement. Since the 11th century, an increase in settlement and burial activities has been observed and the site was fortified, probably in connection with the direction of long-distance communications. The Soutok site was abandoned in connection with the newly established village on the site of the present Moravičany at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. Finds from the Middle Ages are related to the functioning of the ecclesiastical site with the church of St. George, the rectory and the court.