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1. Barbara Eichner: History in Mighty Sounds: Musical Constructions of German National Identity 1848 - 1914

Creator:
Jarmila Gabrielová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, recenze, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Eichner, Barbara, 1848-1914, muzikologie, musicology, dějiny hudby, history of music, národní identita, national identity, hudba a společnost, Německo, Germany, 78.01, 78(091), 316.347, 78.04/.06, and (046)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Jarmila Gabrielová., Rubrika: Recenze, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Dějiny obětí: k historiografii a politice identity českých židů

Creator:
Vít Strobach
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
20. století, historiografie, dějiny Židů, národní identita, antisemitismus, historiography, history of the Jews, national identity, antisemitism, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Po roce 1989 došlo ke změně v normativních vyjádřeních o společenském konfliktu ve východní Evropě. Paradigma společenských věd včetně historiografie se rovněž změnilo. Bráno s rezervou, lze tuto změnu nazvat ''obratem k identitě''. Obsah pojmu ''identita'' byl inspirován dějinami, avšak měnil se do aktuálních podob. Stať analyzuje třecí plochy, na nichž docházelo ke kontaktu většinového českého prostředí s kulturní identitou, historickou pamětí a historiografickou sebereflexí českých židů po roce 1989 (do roku 2012). Cílem pojednání je analyzovat základní strukturu vyjádření o židovských dějinách v daném lokálním a časovém rámci a zjistit, jakou roli v nich hraje narativ obětí. Autor dovozuje hypotézu o nezanedbatelném vlivu ''plačtivého pojetí židovských dějin'' v polistopadové české historiografii. Rozlišuje přitom mezi třemi paradigmatickými schématy, která pak vymezuje a vyhodnocuje na základě jejich funkcí: metodologický nacionalismus, metodologický totalitarismus a metodologický kulturalismus. Dále popisuje, v jakých konstelacích se vyskytují, a to jak ve vědě, tak ve veřejné diskusi, zvláště pokud ovlivňují politiku identity českých židů. Zároveň se snaží ukázat, proč daná schémata znesnadňují chápání moderních dějin českých židů., a2_Dějiny židů podle mínění autora zabředly do výkladu založeného výhradně na tezi o ''věčném antisemitismu'' a jeho obětech. Slouží tak jako dobrý příklad dějin, respektive paměti, tvořících neodmyslitelnou součást ideologie. Jako takové fungují v celistvém prostoru vědy a politiky a vytvářejí etnocentrickou identitu židovského národa. To vede ke schematizujícímu rozdělení společenských vztahů na konfliktní národní i kulturní (rasové) tábory, které jako by existovaly od nepaměti a "přirozeně", k postupné izolaci židovské komunity a jejímu vymezování vůči ostatním skupinám. O tom může svědčit nejen vztah českých židů vůči Arabům (muslimům), ale rovněž prosazování diskurzu o bezpečnosti v jejich politice identity i v oblastech tak specifických, jako je architektura a sociální péče., a1_After the Changes of 1989 a change also took place in normative points of articulation of social conflict in eastern Europe. The paradigm of the social sciences, including historiography, changed as well. It is on the whole fair to call this the ''identity turn''. The meaning of the term ''identity'' was inspired by history but changed into up-to-date forms. The article analyses points of friction where contact took place between majority Czech society and cultural identity, historical memory, and historiographical self-reflections of Czech Jews after the Changes of 1989 to 2012. In this article, the author seeks to analyse the basic structure of statements about Jewish history in the Bohemian Lands in this period, and to determine what role the narrative of the victim plays in them. The author presents his hypothesis of the considerable influence of the "lachrymose conception of Jewish history" in Czech historiography after the Changes of 1989. In this, he distinguishes between three paradigms, which he then further defines and assesses according to their functions: methodological nationalism, methodological totalitarianism, and methodological culturalism. He then identifies the constellations in which they appear both in academic and in public discources, especially those influencing the politics of identity of the Czech Jews. At the same time, he seeks to explain why the schemes make it difficult to understand the modern history of the Jews of the Bohemian Lands., a2_The history of the Jews, according to the author, became locked in an interpretation based solely on the idea of ''eternal antisemitism and its victims''. This is therefore a good example of history/memory as an inherent component of ideology. As such, it has been operating in the undifferentiated space between scholarship and politics, and has been constructing the ethnocentric identity of the Jewish nation. This has led to a schematizing division of social relationships into adverse national and cultural (racial) camps, which have seemed to exist ''since time immemorial'' and ''naturally'', and to the gradual seclusion of the Jewish community and its defining itself or being defined against other groups. This is evident not only in the approach of Czech Jews towards the Arabs (Muslims) but also in the assertion of the security discourse in their politics of identity in fields as specialized as architecture and social care., Vít Strobach., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Der tschechische Sokol im Spiegel von "Körper" und "Bewegung" in der Zeit nationaler Massenbewegungen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts

Creator:
Unger, Christian
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Sokol, imagined political community, body, national identity, and popular movement
Language:
Czech
Description:
On the basis of the theory of Benedict Anderson on the „imagined political community“, the work analyses the processes of construction of bodily ideal and movement patterns in physical exercises of the Czech sport association Sokol („Eagle“). Through gymnastics based on Greek mythology and Plato, through large-scale floor exercises, through paramilitary marches, body became a tool for constructing national identity. Through ritualized exercise and the use of body symbolics, body became „nationally encoded“. However, Anderson’s concept of „imagined community“ does not suffice for an explication of the fact that at the end of the nineteenth century Sokol achieved great increase of members. Especially for young gymnasts of both sexes membership in the association entailed the fulfillment of concrete social and psychological needs. Contact with coevals and pubertal search for one’s own identity were equally important in mass integration into Sokol as individual pursuit of better performance. The author raises a query if the perception of Sokol as „popular“ (instead of „national“) movement represents a meaningful cathegorial enlargement. Dance figures and Greek myths dealing with the purity of the body indicate a „popular“ ideology of the association, separated from the political ideas of modem nation.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Formovaní pozitivních identit mezi minulostí a budoucností: příspěvek k projektu evropské identity

Creator:
Müller, Karel B.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
European identity, national identity, Europeanization, European civil society, European demos, and European narrative
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article draws on the theory of reflexive modernisation (Beck, Giddens) and suggests that the crisis of the welfare state in Europe is triggering a need to strengthen European civil society. Following this idea it is argued that there are pathological elements in the process of the formation of European national identities currently (previously) under way, wherein the constructions of identities are prevailingly negative. It is suggested that Europeans need to maintain and foster feelings of mutuality and belonging in order to protect achieved economic welfare, political liberties, and cultural diversity, and to increase their political and cultural capacity to tackle the challenges of globalisation. First, the author examines the context of identity formation within the process of modernisation, and second, he discusses the arguments put forth in Erik Erikson's well-known theory of identity formation, in order to explore the preconditions, forms, and possibilities of political identity formation within the EU, especially the dynamics between the public sphere and identity-forming processes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Franks, Northmen, and Slavs. Identities and state formation in early medieval Europe, edd. Ildar H. Garipzanov - Patrick J. Geary - Przemysław Urbańczyk

Creator:
Jiří Knap
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
středověk, národní identita, Frankové, Slované, Vikingové, middle ages, national identity, Franks, Slavs, Vikings, Evropa, Europe, 8, and 94(4)
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Jiří Knap.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Geschichte - Erinnerung - Selbstidentifikation. Die schriftliche Kultur in den Ländern der Böhmischen Krone im 14.-18. Jahrhundert, edd. Lenka Bobková - Jan Zdichynec - Jana Nešněrová - Zdeněk Vašek

Creator:
Martin Barus
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
14.-18. století, historiografie, národní identita, historické vědomí, paměť, historiography, national identity, historical consciousness, memory, země Koruny české, Lands of the Bohemian Crown, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Martin Barus.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. K dějinám obětí Víta Strobacha

Creator:
Peter Hallama and Petr Dvořáček
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
historiografie, dějiny Židů, národní identita, antisemitismus, historiography, history of the Jews, national identity, antisemitism, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Autor reaguje na předešlou stať Víta Strobacha ''Dějiny obětí: K historiografii a politice identity českých židů'', která je pojata jako kritická polemika s nejnovějšími (nejen českými) diskusemi o dějinách Židů. Považuje za přínosné, že Strobach jde za pouhé obsahové shrnutí a že přitom nevede jasnou dělicí linku mezi historiografií a politikou, když historiky chápe nejen jako vědecké, ale zároveň jako společenské a politické aktéry. Výsledek této snahy však podle autora příliš nepřesvědčuje, protože Strobachovy kategorizace typu ''dějiny obětí'' nevzešly z důkladné analýzy pramenného materiálu, ale jsou spíše apriorním soudem, který ho vedl při výběru textů. V důsledku tohoto programově selektivního přístupu vzbuzuje Strobach zkreslený dojem o povaze celé diskuse, neboť v současné české historiografické produkci o minulosti Židů a holokaustu nehrají normativní koncepty ,,dějin obětí'' větší roli, stejně jako sotva platí tvrzení, že dějiny Židů jsou v ní často ztotožňovány s historií antisemitismu. Pokud jde o ''politiku identity'' českých Židů, je zavádějící tvrdit, že se v ní prosazují takto vyhraněné podoby jejich historické kolektivní paměti, aniž Strobach označí jejich konkrétní nositele. Navíc ani nedefinuje základní používané pojmy, které tak postrádají analytické ostří. Celkově se Strobach spokojuje s příliš jednoduchou a nikterak novou kritikou a nevyužívá příležitosti posunout diskusi konstruktivně kupředu., In this contribution, the author responds to Vít Strobach´s ''The history of the victim: Concerning the historiography and politics of identity of the Czech Jews'', which is conceived as a polemic with the altest discussing about the history of the Jews, and not only those written by Czechs. The author considers it useful that Strobach is concerned only to summarize the content of the discussions, without drawing a clear line between historiography and politics, because he understands historians not only as academic actors but also as social and political actors. But, according to the author of this article, the results of the effort are not particularly convincing: Strobach´s categorizations of the ''history of the victim'' type is not based on a thorough analysis of the sources, but are instead a judgement based on assumptions, which have guided him in his selection of texts. In consequence of this intentionally selective approach,. Strobach creates a distorted impression of the nature of the whole discussion, because in current Czech historiography about the Jews and the Holocaust normative concepts on the ''history of the victim'' does not play much of a role. Similarly, it can hardly be claimed that the history of the Jews is often said to be identical with the history of antisemitism. Concerning the ''identity politics'' of the Jews of the Bohemian Lands, it is misleading of Strobach to claim that a form of the historical collective memory clearly defined in this way is asserted in historiography, without naming who exactly is the bearer of this memory. Moreover, he fails to define his basic terms, which thus lack an analytical keenness. On the whole, Strobach is satisfied with a simplistic, unoriginal critique, and fails to use the opportunity to constructively move the discussion forward., Peter Halama ; Z němčiny přeložil Petr Dvořáček., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Polka jako český národní symbol

Creator:
Stavělová, Daniela
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
polka, dance, ethnochoreology, national identity, and cultural text
Language:
Czech
Description:
Polka and polkomanie in the Bohemia of the 1830' and 1840' was first a manifestation of the energy of the young dynamic bourgeoisie profiting from all features, which could help to build the national identity and finally result in the creation of the national state. The proofs of the Czech and popular origin of the polka came out at the same time. Many of them were soon considered just a speculation while others played an important role. The aim of the study is to investigate what was the particular reason why polka has always been considered a Czech national dance and what features were picked up from music and dance for building the identity or the national look. This approach involves principal questions such as: when did polka become the national symbol in Bohemia, how, for whom and why and what the concept of polka in Bohemia was when it started to be meaningful in the national movement? To answer these questions we have to look at some crucial facts which enable us to follow polka as a cultural text in different strata of the 19th century society in Bohemia and to identify its power. Polka considered as a myth has to be seen in the socio-cultural context and in ideological and political discourse. Its look of the Czech national symbol was created in symbolic level as a mental representation of the national circle of intellectuels and artists.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public