The breeding biology of the common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, was studied from 295 nests over 20 years in a nest-box population breeding in managed pine forest in the northeast of the Czech Republic, central Europe. The laying of first eggs lasted from 30 April until 30 June with two distinct peaks in May and June. The estimated proportion of pairs producing two broods per season was 65.4%, the highest estimate in studies of this species. Nest success was only 45.1%, one of the lowest known values. The mean clutch size was 6.30 eggs in assumed first broods and 5.39 eggs in assumed second broods. The production of two broods per season and relatively small clutches is probably a parental adaptation to conditions of frequent nest predation. The two breeding attempts per season could not, however, compensate for the latitudinal differences in clutch size and breeding success, and the seasonal breeding productivity was lower in comparison to populations in the northern area of distribution. At higher air temperatures the breeding started earlier. The air temperature also affected nest success which was highest at mean temperature values and decreased to both low and high temperature extremes. The effects of precipitation, first-egg-laying date, clutch size and year of observation on nest success were not significant.
Celosvětově dochází k rychlému stárnutí populace s nejrychleji se zvětšující podskupinou ve věku 80-85 let. Vysoká prevalence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění ve vyšším věku se závažnými důsledky na morbiditu mortalitu představují velký problém. Nedostatečné údaje z klinických studií o pacientech vyššího věku mnohdy vedou k nedostatečnému využívání nových léčebných postupů, které se ukázaly být efektivní u mladších věkových skupin. V současnosti jsou již dostupné některé údaje o účinnosti určitých postupů i u pacientů vyššího věku, například registry nemocných léčených procedurami intervenční kardiológie poukazují na efektivitu a bezpečnost této metody., There has been a rapid aging of the population worldwide, with the subgroup aged 80-85 years increasing most rapidly in number. Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent and lethal health problem in the elderly. Under-representation of the elderly patients in the clinical trials tends to resuit in undertreatment with the newer intervention modaUties that have been shown to be highly effective in younger age groups. In the present we have some data about effectivity of specific therapeutic modalities in the ilderly people, for example registries of patients who were treated by percutaneous reperfusion therapy showed effectivity and safety of this method., Jiří Zajíc, Vladimír Nerad, Pavel Vyroubal, and Lit. 16