Kosmické aktivity mají v Česku dlouhou tradici od samého počátku kosmického vědeckého výzkumu, kdy bylo tehdejší Československo zapojeno do projektů Interkosmos a Magion. Od roku 2008 je Česká republika členskou zemí Evropské kosmické agentury ESA. Toto členství umožňuje českým vědcům a inženýrům zapojovat se do technologicky nejšpičkovějších kosmických projektů. Tento článek je stručným přehledem hlavních vědeckých projektů ESA, do kterých je Česká republika zapojená. and Jiří Svoboda, Ondřej Santolík, Ivana Kolmašová, Jan Souček, Petr Heinzel.
Michal Přichystal, Jiří Svoboda, Lukáš Hlubek, Zdeněk Schenk, Kateřina Dlouhá, Petr Kubín, František Trampota, Jitka Kučová, Martin Kuča, Tereza Rychtaříková, Petr Škrdla, Jaroslav Bartík, Martin Novák, Sandra Sázelová, Soňa Boriová, Lubomír Dokoupil. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
First genetic analysis from triple burial of Dolni Vestonice. The human remains from the Dolni Vestonice site are among the oldest and best preserved early modern human fossils (Homo sapiens) known to date. In particular the enigmatic triple burial presented by the three individuals CV13-15 and their potential ritual positioning are widely discussed. In order to determine the potential genetic relationship between those three human skeletons we carried out an ancient DNA analysis. Using new high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies we were able to obtain a complete and two partial mitochondrial genome DNAs (mtDNA) that are passed on from the mother to their offspring. The DNA retrieved from the three skeletons shows aging patterns typical for Pleistocene DNA suggesting that the DNA is indeed ancient and not derived from recent contamination of modern humans handling the specimens. All three individuals carry a different mtDNA sequence and are therefore not directly maternally related, i.e. no siblings or cousins. The three mtDNAs are similar in their sequence to previously determined DNA from Pleistocene and early Holocene hunter gatherers. Our results show that ancient DNA is preserved in all three studied Dolni Vestonice human fossils, the mtDNA suggests no maternal relationship among them and shows sequences typical for Pleistocene modern humans in Europe. Thus the Dolni Vestonice site is one of the best sites to study and understand the genetic relationships within Pleistocene modern human population.
Taphonomic, paleopathological, and paleodemographic analyses of human remains from the Mid Upper Paleolithic of western Eurasia are increasingly documenting a diversity of mortuary behaviors among these successful Late Pleistocene foragers. These considerations are joined by three associated pairs of otherwise isolated appendicular remains from the site of Pavlov I (the Pavlov 31 partial hands and the Pavlov 37 and 38 tarsometatarsal skeletons), previously described morphologically but not assessed in terms of their taphonomy. They are described here with respect to their contexts and patterns of preservation to assess possible taphonomic and/or mortuary implications of these sets of antimeres. Subchondral articular bone that is free of carbonate encrustation on at least the Pavlov 37 pedal remains suggests some degree of articulation in situ. Although root etched, the elements lack carnivore or other vertebrate damage, as well as cut marks. Even though associated unilateral hand or foot remains are unexceptional among the fur-bearing faunal remains, the bilateral presence of these human remains raises questions concerning the taphonomic and behavioral/ mortuary processes responsible for their preservation: do they represent portions of abandoned human bodies, remains of naturally disturbed burials, extremities left from secondary burials, and/or intentionally manipulated human body portions? Any combination of these processes expands current perceptions of the mortuary diversity among these early modern humans., Sandra Sázelová, Jarosław Wilczyński, Piotr Wojtal, Jiří Svoboda, Erik Trinkaus., and Obsahuje seznam literatury