This arčcicle present analysis of a teat number of palaeobotanic samples from 13 historic plots, archaeologiccally excavated 1983 - 1992 in the town of Brno. On this outstandingly large archaeobtanic material changes of the pectrum of plant remains were reviewed for the high medieval ages (and Postmedieval period). For the first time in the Czech Republic this large number of sampled featrues (mainly cesspits) enabled to conclusively monitor the vaying importance of certain utility plant species during a long time span. Also changes in accompaying weed vegetation, icnicating the origins and agrotechniques of cultivated plants were observed. Spectrum of the local synanthrope vegetation fefelct improving hygienic situation within the inbuilt area of Brno town. Timbre/charcoal analysis consclusively refelcts variable sources of wood/ charcoal for the medieval (Postmedieval) town., Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Emanuel Opravil, Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
1_This article uses several examples to describe transformations of early medieval settlement structures-mostlyfrom pre-urban central agglomeration-to the communal town as it is reflected in archaeological finds. The attention was focused on three main questions: 1) What were the dynamics of the early medieval settlement? 2) Is thereany evidence for a communication network in the pre-urban period and after the town was founded? 3) What arethe changes in organisation of space and how does the pattern of a built-up area in this period appear? The sitesselected include-Prague, Chrudim and Hradec Králové in Bohemia, Brno in Moravia, Opava in the Czech partof the Upper Silesia, Wrocław in the Lower Silesia, Gdansk and Szczecin in the Polish part of Pomerania. Mostpre-urban centres experienced growth in the 12th century. The street network was still tentative although there was agreater tendency towards a stable street network. Polish towns which had well preserved timber structures experienceda development of complex homesteads from the 11th century at the latest. A system of rectangular lots emerged onlyin Prague and probably slightly later in Wroclaw. With regards to new elements in the architecture of timber dwellings,house foundations in the 13th century employed framed houses constructed using two main techniques: 1) posts setin the ground 2) posts set in foundation beams. The latter technique is exemplified by dwellings where a cellar ispresent underneath an overground floor. Stone houses were built in Prague as early as the 12th century., 2_ At other sites,construction of such dwellings dates back to the 13th century, in Gdansk even to the 14th century. This comparativestudy has revealed common patterns in the urbanisation of Central Europe during the transformations in the 12th and13th centuries, although the speed of diffusion of the various new trends differed between the various urban centres., Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This study explores issues that arose during the course of two 1980s salvage excavations in the historical centre of Brno, Dominikánská street (No 11–19) and Kobližná (No 3) street. Many remains of 13th–17th century settlement were found, including wooden and stone houses with cellars, cesspits, storage pits etc. Most of the wooden houses in Dominikánská street were destroyed, probably by fi re in 1356. Written sources suggest that most inhabitants in Dominikánská street during 14th and 15th centuries were craftsmen. In the 15th century, more food processing artisans were present than in the preceding century, some social growth was detected. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Kobližná 3 plot was occupied by members of the upper class. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This study examines osteological remains from an urban Medieval settlement in Brno. Plots at Dominikánská and Kobližná streets and the organization of meat supplies in Brno city in the High Middle Ages were investigated. Evidence for 21 animal species was found with the dominant source of meat coming from cattle and the proportion of poultry increasing in the 15th century. The age structure of slaughter animals and anatomical composition corresponds to normal conditions in Czech, German and Polish territories. Development of the butchery trade could be linked with municipal cities. Butchers‘ guild in Brno took its statute in the 14th century and animals were slaughtered in dedicated slaughterhouses. Occasional fishing also took place. The meat was sold in established meat shops as well as specialised marketplaces., Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Rudolf Procházka, Zdeňka Sůvová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article discusses an animal sculpture pendant, probably representing a deer, made from a tin-lead alloy, found in a waste layer at the bottom of a Medieval mill race. This item is unusual for the Czech Republic, although numerous similar items are known from Western Europe., Lenka Macháňová, Martin Hložek, Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury