Ani po 40 letech intenzivního vývoje chlopenních protéz není k dispozici ideální náhrada lidské chlopně. Jednou z alternativ zůstává aortální alograft, který může být použit zejména k náhradě aortální či pulmonální chlopně. Tato biologická protéza je stále diskutována z aspektu zpracování tkáně (Tissue Banking) i z aspektu klinického použití ? tedy chirurgické techniky implantace a dlouhodobých výsledků. Aktuální zůstává zejména implantace do aortální pozice. Autoři diskutují užití aortálního alograftu v léčbě infekční endokarditidy aortální chlopně, které je celosvětově rozšířeno a uznáváno. Implantace aortálního alograftu je na řadě pracovišť pokládána za metodu volby v této indikaci, zejména u protézové aortální endokarditidy a u endokarditidy destruující výtokový trakt levé komory srdeční. Metoda je sice technicky náročnější než implantace klasických chlopenních protéz (mechanických i biologických), ale literární údaje i vlastní zkušenosti autorů jsou speciálně v této indikaci velmi povzbudivé. Aortální alotransplantáty jsou v naší zemi trvale dostupné., Aleš Mokráček, Jaroslav Špatenka, M. Šulda, and Lit. 22
There has been increasing evidence in recent years for the hypothesis of bones as endocrine organs. Osteocalcin, long considered just a marker of new bone formation, is now seen as the first hormone produced by bones, and seems to be associated with regulating glucose metabolism and reproduction. The aim of this work was to monitor changes of osteocalcin in reaction to hypoglycemia, and determine if there are differences in such reactions between the sexes. The study included 61 healthy probands with physiological calciophosphate metabolism (30 men and 31 women). We applied to each of them an insulin tolerance test, and then monitored levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin and reactions to hypoglycemia at regular time intervals. We found differences in the reaction to hypoglycemia between the sexes. In men there was a significant decline in undercarboxylated osteocalcin between the 30 and 40 min (p<0.0015), which reflects a reaction to a glycemic decline between 25-30 min, followed by reversal. Low undercarboxylated osteocalcin in men lasted up to 90 min, after which they returned to levels before the test. In women we did not find any significant changes in undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels. Changes in undercarboxylated osteocalcin induced by hypoglycemia indicate a relationship between bones and glucose metabolism. There was an interesting difference between the sexes. However, a definitive conclusion about the role of osteocalcin in human metabolism will require numerous future studies., Michaela Dušková, Lucie Kolátorová, Hana Jandíková, Hana Pospíšilová, Luboslav Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Obesity increases the incidence of hypogonadism in men, and hypogonadism in turn plays a role in obesity. One of the first mechanisms proposed to explain this was a hypothesis based on the principle that obese men have higher estrogen levels, and that increased estrogens provide feedback to the hypothalamicpituitary-testicular axis, reducing the secretion of gonadotropins and leading to a decrease of overall testosterone levels. This concept has since been questioned, though never completely disproven. In this study we compared hormone levels in three groups of men with differing BMI levels (between 18-25, 25-29, and 30-39), and found correlations between lowering overall testosterone, SHBG and increased BMI. At the same time, there were no significant changes to levels of free androgens, estradiol or the gonadotropins LH and FSH. These findings are in line with the idea that estrogen production in overweight and obese men with BMI up to 39 kg/m2 does not significantly influence endocrine testicular function., Luboslav Stárka, Martin Hill, Hana Pospíšilová, Michaela Dušková., and Obsahuje bibliografii