The article presents a brief summary of newly discovered wooden structures in the well-known polycultural site Mohelnice – štěrkovna (also “U cukrovaru” or Za cukrovarem) in the Mohelnice cadastre and its vicinity. Earlier discoveries at this site include Neolithic timbered wells and a sensational find of an oak monoxylon from the La Tène period of the 4th/3rd century BC (dendro 281 or 301 BC). It was found trapped in its home port on the banks of the meandering river Morava and dating has revealed the same age as the absolutely dated simple wooden pole construction. It is the northernmost found monoxylon known in the Czech Republic and also presents the oldest evidence for such use of ships on Czech rivers. The manufacture and use of such ships has been known since the Mesolithic period continuing until modern times. The subsequent exploration of the shores of the Moravičany Lakes banks revealed a number of smaller wooden structures below the water surface, either made up of pointed stakes themselves, or a combination of smaller stakes and branches built into a tapered corridor resembling a structure used for fishing. The latest discovery is a massive oak-fir structure manufactured from stakes, longitudinal and transverse planks and stones, interpretable as a timber trackway, or a bridge. It has been dendrochronologically dated to 1547–1560 and archival sources indicate the structure was repaired in 1645. The structure spans the former meander between Třeština and Mohelnice near one of the mills. The existence of this route is documented on 18th-century maps. Significant discoveries from various times of mainly wooden buildings underscore at least the European significance of the Mohelnice site. It may yield many valuable finds in the future.
Článek představuje první jasně doložené (malé) žárové pohřebiště jevišovické kultury na Moravě v kontextu de facto neznámých pohřebních praktik dané kulturní formace. Dva urnové hroby s typickou keramikou zachytily výkopy inženýrských sítí blízko historického jádra města Brna (Polní ulice) v nevelké vzdálenosti od sebe. Hroby datujeme na základě rozboru keramických nádob do mladšího nebo pozdního období jevišovické kultury s jistými vazbami na region jihozápadního Slovenska. Analyzován je dosavadní obraz
pohřebního ritu nejen jevišovické kultury v rámci mladšího eneolitu. Výrazným znakem jsou menší skupinová pohřebiště s projevy biritualismu. Nálezově podobná je situace na jihozápadním Slovensku, rovněž v prostředí jevišovické formace. and The article presents the first clearly documented (small) Jevišovice culture cremation cemetery in Moravia in the context of the essentially unknown burial practices of the given cultural formation. Two urn graves with typical pottery were identified during the excavation of trenches for utility lines near the historical centre of Brno (Polní St.) in close proximity to one another. Based on an analysis of the pottery vessels, the graves are dated to the late or final phase of the Jevišovice culture with certain ties to the region of
southwest Slovakia. The article discusses the existing image of the burial rite of the Jevišovice culture and others in the Late Eneolithic. Small group cemeteries with apparent biritualism are a characteristic trait. A similar find situation was documented in southwest Slovakia likewise in the environment of the Jevišovice formation.
Předmětem publikace je měděný sekeromlat typu Pločnik (varianta Cărbuna), objevený v r. 2007 v Olomouci-Holicích v inundaci řeky Moravy. Výskyt daného typu se váže na horizont StK V/MMK IIa a Horní Cetno/MMK IIb, v absolutním datování zhruba na polovinu 5. tisíciletí př. Kr. Zcela dominantní pozici v materiálovém složení kovu zaujímá měď (99,997 %). U takto čistého kovu se uvažuje o využití těžených uhličitanových rud či ryzí mědi. Funkci těchto prvních těžkých měděných předmětů je třeba chápat v rovině prestižní, magické, případně vojenské. and The subject of the publication is a copper Pločnik-type axe (Cărbuna variety) discovered in 2007 in Olomouc-Holice in an inundation area of the Morava River. Copper holds a dominant position (99.997%) in the material composition of the metal. The purity level of the metal leads to conjecture on the use of mined carbonate ore or pure native copper and metal collected freely on the surface of the ground. These first heavy copper objects probably had a prestigious, magical or even military function.