Phylogenetic relations among five species of Hipposideridae and seven species of Rhinolophidae including one endemic species (Rhinolophus rex) were examined by partially sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (528 bp). Analyses of the cytochrome b sequences of Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae suggest that each formed a monophyletic group. All phylogenetic analyses indicate that Aselliscus should remain as a genus within Hipposideridae, with the mean percentage sequence differences (16.43%) and transition: transversion ratios (2.032) between Aselliscus and Hipposideros. Within Hipposideros, H. armiger shows close affinity to H. larvatus although it possesses superficial similarity morphological characters to H. pratti. Genetic distance values suggest that H. larvatus and H. armiger diverged from each other approximately 1.7–4.3 million years ago, and H. pratti diverged from the larvatus-armiger clade approximately 2.1–5.2 million years ago.
Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences have been identified in Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) from the Oriental-Australasian areas. All phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Oriental-Australasian M. schreibersii diverged from the Spanish M. schreibersii, with the mean percentage sequence differences ranging from 15.81% to 18.92% between them. A large and significant percentage sequence difference (10.91%) also separated the Chinese/Japanese specimens from the Australian specimens. Our molecular results corroborate a previous report based on morphological characters by M a e d a (1982), which suggested that Miniopterus schreibersii in Europe, Asia and Australia should be regarded as three distinct species, named Miniopterus schreibersii, M. fuliginosus and M. oceanensis. However, the specimen from Hainan should be grouped together with the other Chinese specimens in one species. The results also confirmed Appleton’s recent molecular study on Oriental-Australasian Miniopterus schreibersii.