Chromosomes of the males of five species of Odontura, belonging to the subgenera Odontura and Odonturella, were analyzed. Intensive evolution of the karyotype was recorded, both in terms of changes in the numbers of chromosomes (from 2n = 31 to 27) and the sex chromosome system (from X0 to neo-XY and X0 to neo-X1X2Y). Karyotype evolution was accompanied by tandem autosome fusions and interspecific autosomal and sex chromosome differentiation involving changes in the locations of nucleolar organizer regions, NORs, which were revealed by silver impregnation and confirmed by FISH using an 18S rDNA probe. O. (Odonturella) aspericauda is a polytypic species with X0 and neo-X1X2Y sex determination. The latter system is not common in tettigoniids. It possibly originated by a translocation of a distal segment of the original X chromosome onto a medium sized autosome, resulting in a shortened neo-X1 and a metacentric neo-Y. The remaining autosome homologue became the neo-X2 chromosome. This shift from X0 to neo-X1X2Y is supported by the length of the X chromosome and location of the NOR/rDNA. and Elżbieta Warchałowska-Śliwa, Anna Maryańska-Nadachowska, Beata Grzywacz, Tatjana Karamysheva, Arne W. Lehmann, Gerlind U.C. Lehmann, Klaus-Gerhard Heller.
Dimorphism in wing length is well known in many insect species. It is generally believed that a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction exists, with the long-winged (LW) morph being a better disperser due to its superior flight capability. The short-winged (SW) morph is less mobile and it is hypothesised that females of this morph invest more of their energy reserves in producing offspring. We determined the variation in body and wing size in the pygmy grasshopper Tetrix subulata (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). The results of the morphological study support the occurrence of two clearly distinct wing morphs in both sexes. SW individuals, especially males, were smaller and in accord with proposed developmental instability showed greater variability in body size than LW individuals. Using data for 700 wild-caught individuals from 10 populations, we demonstrate a variable frequency in the percentage of LW individuals, ranging from all-LW to all-SW populations, even if the LW morph is by far the most common morph in an area. The male-biased percentage of LW individuals recorded in intermediate populations supports a difference in the dispersal reproduction trade-off between the sexes., Anja Steenman, Arne W. Lehmann, Gerlind U. Lehmann., and Obsahuje seznam literatury