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Start Over Creator Kutík, J.

3. Changes in ultrastructure of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cotyledons associated with their modulated life span

Creator:
Kutík, J., Wilhelmová, N., and Snopek, J.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
cell ultrastructure, chloroamyloplasts, chloroplasts, electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, French bean, gerontoplasts, and senescence
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cotyledons lost most of their reserve substances during several early days of germination and turned green. In cotyledon mesophyll cells of one-week-old seedlings, plastids were represented predominantly by amyloplasts (starch grains) and chloroamyloplasts, and the cells appeared to be metabolically highly active. Cell heterogeneity associated with distance of the cells from cotyledon vascular bundles was evident. Only mesophyll cells near to the bundles were rich in plastids. In two-weeks-old intact bean plants, the cotyledons were yellow and shrunken, and their cells were nearly "empty". The plastids in them were represented by senescent plastids (gerontoplasts) only. In the gerontoplasts as well as freely in cytosol, fluorescent lipoid inclusions were accumulated. This cotyledon development was more or less independent of irradiance. In "decapitated" bean plants, senescence of mesophyll cells and plastids was slowed down considerably, and the life span of the cotyledons was prolonged. and J. Kutík, N. Wilhelmová, J. Snopek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Chloroplast ultrastructural development during the ontogeny of the second leaf of wheat under nitrogen deficiency

Creator:
Kutík, J., Činčerová, A., and Dvořák, M.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Development of mesophyll cell chloroplasts during ontogeny of second wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf was compared in plants grown in Ml nutrient solution (+N) and in nutrient solution without nitrogen (-N). Chloroplast size and ultrastructure were evaluated quantitatively by means of transmission electron microscopy and stereology. In -N plants compared to +N ones, the life spán of the second leaf was shortened and chloroplast development modified; the most striking feature was the accumulation of starch. Moreover, mature chloroplasts of -N plants were smaller and had smaller relative partial volume of thylakoids and larger relative partial volume of plastoglobules than those of +N plants.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Influence of exogenously applied 6-benzylaininopunne on the structure of chloroplasts and arrangement of their membranes

Creator:
Wilhelmová, N. and Kutík, J.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
carotenoids, thylakoid stacking, starch inclusions, proteins, Nicotiana tabacum\ plastoglobuli, electron microscopy, digitonin fractionation, cytokinin, and chlorophyll
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The influence of a cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), on chloroplast structure was studied using biochemical methods and electron microscopy. The average degree of thylakoid stacking was determined by digitonin fractionation and differential centrifugation of chloroplasts from tobacco plantlets after treatment with different concentrations of BAP in agar medium during cultivation in viíro. An elevated concentration of BAP in the medium induced an increase in grana stacking. This was in accordance with the lowering of the chlorophyll a/b ratio in these chloroplasts. The relative amoímt of proteins and carotenoids increased in both stromal and (to a lesser extent) granal chloroplast thylakoid fractions with the BAP concentration. The electron microscopic studies revealed nearly the same volume density of thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts of BAP treated plantlets and control ones. In the BAP treated plantlets the chloroplasts were smaller and had a profound accumulation of starch inclusions and a more flattened shape than the chloroplasts of control plantlets. The volume density of plastoglobuli in chloroplasts did not decrease under the influence of BAP,
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Low-temperature induced changes in the ultrastructure of maize mesophyll chloroplasts strongly depend on the chilling pattern/intensity and considerably differ among inbred and hybrid genotypes

Creator:
Holá, D., Kutík, J., Kočová, M., and Rothová, O.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
inheritance, peripheral reticulum, photosynthesis, plastoglobuli, stress, thylakoid, and volume density
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The ultrastructure and dimensions of chloroplasts in leaf mesophyll cells were quantitatively examined in three parental inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) and their four hybrids subjected to two types of four-week low-temperature (LT) treatment: the abrupt onset of chilling temperatures ("severe chilling", SC) and the gradual, more moderate one ("moderate chilling", MC). The relationship between the response of individual genotypes to one or the other type of chilling was analyzed as well as the possibility to predict the behaviour of chloroplasts in hybrids from that of their parents. Although selected parameters of chloroplast ultrastructure (e.g. volume densities of granal and intergranal thylakoids, plastoglobuli, and peripheral reticulum) and dimensions changed due to the exposure of maize plants to LT, no general pattern of such changes was found for this species due to the observed intraspecific variability. The response of some genotype to SC could not be predicted from its behaviour under MC (and vice versa) and no clear rules could be applied for the inheritance of chloroplast response to chilling in the general sense. Thus, great caution should be always taken when interpreting the results of studies aimed at the dissection of chloroplast ultrastructure as affected by LT, particularly in case such studies are made with one genotype or under one type of chilling only. and D. Holá ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Maize F1 hybrid differs from its maternal parent in the development of chloroplasts in bundle sheath, but not in mesophyll cells: Quantitative analysis of chloroplast ultrastructure and dimensions in different parts of leaf blade at the beginning of its senescence

Creator:
Vičánková, A., Holá, D., and Kutík, J.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
chloroplast development, electron microscopy, genetic variability, granal thylakoids, leaf blade heterogeneity, peripheral reticulum, plastoglobuli, starch inclusions, and Zea mays
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The quantitative changes of chloroplast ultrastructure and dimensions in mesophyll (MC) and bundle sheath (BSC) cells, associated with the onset of leaf senescence, were followed along the developmental leaf blade gradient of the third leaf of maize (Zea mays L.). To ascertain whether the rapidity of structural changes associated with the transition of chloroplasts from mature to senescent state is a heritable trait, the parental and the first filial generations of plants were used. The heterogeneity of leaf blade, associated with the development of maize leaf (with the oldest regions at the apex and the youngest ones at the base) was clearly discernible in the ultrastructure and dimensions of chloroplasts; however, there were differences in the actual pattern of chloroplast development between both genotypes as well as between both cell types examined. While the course of MC chloroplasts' development at the onset of leaf senescence in maize hybrid followed that of its parent rather well, this did not apply for the BSC chloroplasts. In this case, each genotype was characterized by its own distinguishable developmental pattern, particularly as regards the accumulation of starch inclusions and the associated changes of the size and shape of BSC chloroplasts. and A. Vičánková, D. Holá, J. Kutík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Surface density and volume density measurements of chloroplast thylakoids in maize (Zea mays L.) under chilling conditions

Creator:
Kubínová, L. and Kutík, J.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
appressed and non-appressed thylakoids, comparison of methods, granal and intergranal thylakoids, hybrids, stereology, temperature, and vertical sections
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Measurements of ultrastructural characteristics of chloroplast thylakoids are important for studies of ontogenic or ecological limitations of leaf photosynthetic functions. Most frequently, volumetric proportion of thylakoids in the chloroplast is measured; however, such measurement does not provide a direct information about the surface area of thylakoids which is most important from the functional point of view. Therefore, we adapted the stereological method using "local vertical windows" for estimating thylakoid surface area in the chloroplast volume and compared thus obtained surface density results with results of conventional volume density measurements. The methods were tested in the study of chloroplast ultrastructure in the leaves of plants of two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid combinations, 2013×CE810 and CE704×CE810, developing in control and chilling conditions. Correlation analysis revealed a tight relationship between the granal/intergranal thylakoid surface density and volume density results, both indicating that under chilling conditions the development of the system of thylakoids in maize leaves is suppressed, while the difference is more pronounced in CE704 than in CE810 genotype, known to have a better photosynthetic performance. and L. Kubínová, J. Kutík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. The development of chloroplast structure during leaf ontogeny

Creator:
Kutík, J.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
environmental effects, leaf life span, and stresses
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Advances achieved during last fifteen years in the understanding the development of chloroplast ultrastructure during natural leaf ontogeny are summarized. Life span of a typical C3 mesophyll cell chloroplast is outlined and placed into the scheme of cyclic plastid interrelationships. Possible modifications of this development by stresses, environmental factors or experimental treatments are also shown.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. The development of chloroplast ultrastructure and Hill reaction activity during leaf ontogeny in different maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

Creator:
Kutík, J., Kočová, M., Holá, D., and Körnerová, M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
chloroplast dimensions, electron microscopy, peripheral reticulum, photosynthesis, plastoglobuli, starch, stereology, stroma, and thylakoids
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Changes in Hill reaction activity (HRA) and ultrastructure of mesophyll cell (MC) chloroplasts were studied during the ontogeny of third leaf of maize plants using polarographic oxygen evolution measurement, transmission electron microscopy, and stereology. The chloroplast ultrastructure was compared in young (actively growing), mature, and senescing leaves of two different inbreds and their reciprocal F1 hybrids. Statistically significant differences in both HRA and MC chloroplast ultrastructure were observed between different stages of leaf ontogeny. Growth of plastoglobuli was the most striking characteristic of chloroplast maturation and senescence. The chloroplasts in mature and senescing leaves had a more developed system of thylakoids compared to the young leaves. Higher HRA was usually connected with higher thylakoid volume density of MC chloroplasts. and J. Kutík ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public