The study was performed in the territory of the Skryje-Týřovice Basin, in the Buchava Formation. The study area falls within the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area. Samples were collected from Albic Luvisol. Parent material was characterized on the basis of thin section study. Soil development was evaluated by parameters such as macromorphological analysis, particle size distribution, pH, base saturation, cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter and mineral composition of clay fraction. Results of the analyses, especially the thickness of Bt horizon and distribution of clay fraction in the soil profile, confirm the process of intensive pedogenetic clay differentiation. Trioctahedral 1:1 regularly interstratified mineral (R=1) containing chlorite and smectite layers (low-charge corrensite) was described for the first time in the soils of the Czech Republic. Corrensite was detected in the Ah horizon of Albic Luvisol under weakly acid reaction conditions in the increasing amount of organic matter using the X-ray diffraction analysis. The distribution of clay minerals in Albic Luvisol showed that soil development is influenced by loess and also volcanic rocks in the lower part of the profile.
This study presents data about the effect of parent material on the intensity of processes that lead to the formation of a cambic subsurface horizon. The study was performed in the Voděradské bučiny National Nature Reserve with granite bedrock and in Humpolec with paragneiss bedrock. Representative soil profiles in the southeastern part of Bohemia were characterised on a macroscale level based on macromorphological description, particle size distribution, chemical, physical and soil organic matter properties. On the basis of the values of organic carbon and bulk density, the stock of soil organic matter was calculated in the upper 25 cm of soils. A more detailed characteristic of soil cover employed micromorphological and X-ray diffraction analyses. The results revealed differences in the formation of the cambic horizon on different types of parent material. The main soil forming process responsible for the cambic horizon is more intensive at localities with paragneiss bedrock., Anna Žigová, Martin Šťastný and Radka Kodešová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Chemical composition and structure of humic acids isolated from Cambisols forming on gneiss and amphibolite were studied. Cambisols differ in pH, cation exchange ca pacity, mineralogy composition, organic carbon input, plant residue and type of management. 13 C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were used to show the main differences in humic substances quality. Humic acids isolated from soils developed on gneiss and amphibolite had wide variety of functional groups and different content of aromatic and aliphatic groups. Humic acids (HA) in arable soils contained more aromatic compounds and carbon in their molecule to compare with HA isolated from grassland. Forming of higher stability aggregates was connected with higher content of aliphatic groups in HA isolated from the grassland. Generally, humic acids in Cambisols represent young humic acids, with lower carbon content and high tendency to oxidation pr ocesses. Their chemical activity was mainly influenced by chemical composition and functional groups content., Ľubica Pospíšilová, Anna Žigová, Martin Šťastný and Tibor Liptaj., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The Neolithic quarrying complex discovered in 2002 in the Jistebsko cadastre (in the Jizera Mountains) is one of the oldest and largest relicts of its type in the Czech Republic. The raw material scatter indicates that the extraction and processing of the raw materials for polished stone tools, probably for distribution across contemporary Central Europe, began in the earliest phase of the Neolithic (the Linear Pottery culture – 5400 BC, Turnov-Maškovy zahrady: Šída forthcoming a) and probably continued through to the end of the early phase of the Stroke-Ornamented Ware culture (4500 BC). The completely preserved complex, covering 21.2 ha, is the only such monument known to have been preserved, and its significance extends well beyond the borders of the Czech Republic. The first radiocarbon dates for the site were obtained last year. The first, sampled from the surface layers, dates to the 16th century AD and shows that the whole area was deforested. The second date, from charcoal lying at the bottom of an extraction pit, falls somewhere in the period 5150–4920 BC, i.e. during the transition from the Linear Pottery to Stroke-Ornamented Ware cultures. and Neolitický těžební areál objevený v roce 2002 na katastru obce Jistebsko (Jizerské hory) patří mezi největší a nejstarší památky svého druhu v České republice. Těžba a zpracování suroviny, která sloužila k výrobě kamenných broušených nástrojů a zásobovala pravděpodobně tehdejší střední Evropu, zde podle zjištění rozptylu suroviny probíhala od nejstarší fáze neolitu (kultura s keramikou lineární – 5400 BC, Turnov – Maškovy zahrady: Šída v tisku a) pravděpodobně až do konce starší fáze kultury s vypíchanou keramikou (4500 BC). Zcela intaktně zachovalý areál o ploše 21,2 ha představuje jedinečně zachovalou památku svého druhu, jejíž význam výrazně překračuje hranice České republiky. V uplynulém roce byly získány první radiokarbonová data pro lokalitu. První, pocházející ze vzorku z povrchových vrstev, náleží 16. století a dokumentuje výrazné odlesnění celého prostoru. Druhé datum, pocházející z uhlíku ležícího na dně těžební jámy, spadá do období 5150 až 4920 BC, tedy na rozhraní kultur s lineární a vypíchanou keramikou.
The character of modern pedogenesis in the territory of the Brdská and Křivoklátská vrchovina Highlands was studied on silicate rocks such as Paleozoic granite and Proterozoic mudstone and greywacke. The parent materials were evaluated on the basis of petrography, X-ray diffractometry of powder samples of rock forming and heavy minerals. The soils were described as for their macromorphological characterics and the results of a variety of analyses of organic and anorganic components. Pedogenesis proceeded in acid conditions. The values of base saturation are mostly below 50 % for the Ah horizons. The intensity of soil development on individual parent material decreases in the order: mudstone (Ah-AhBw-Bw-C)granite (Oi-Oe-Oa-Ah-Bw-C)greywacke 1 (Oi-Oe-Oa-Ah-AhC-C)greywacke 2 (Oi-Oe-Oa-Ah-C). The process of humification was documented at all study sites. Evidence of pedogenetic alteration is present in soils developed on granite and mudstone. High amounts of chlorite and elevated contents of illite are characteristic for Cambic Leptosols (Dystric, Skeletic) on mudstone. Weddellite and whewellite were found in relatively large amounts in O horizons of soils except for the Červený kríž site. The predominant from of calcium oxalate minerals at these sites is whewellite. Weddellite occurs in small amount, which is probably due to its lower stability., Anna Žigová, Martin Šťastný, Petr Mikysek., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Modal composition and grain-size characteri stics, physical and mechanical propertie s of three samples of Archean gneisses of the Kola series from the depths of 6.8 to 8.4 km of the Kola Superdeep Borehole (KSDB-3) and two collections of their surface analogues were analysed. On the basis of a comparison of the petrographic characteristics of the borehole samples and analogues, it was found that not all analogues are equivalents of corresponding core samples completely. Mechanical properties of core samples are affected by depth of the core sample position in the borehole. This work forms part of the research in the frame of the INTAS Project No.314 "Geodynamics in the cross-section of the Kola superdeep"., Jiřina Trčková, Vladimír Šrein, Martin Šťastný and Roman Živor., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy