The 18th century sees the triumph of a cultural technique so self-evident to us that we hardly think that it might have a history at all: numbering. This technique assigns a number to an object or a subject - whether a house, a page in a book, a regiment, a tone pitch, a painting, a horse-drawn carriage or a policeman - in order to positively identify this object or subject. The article presents a hitherto nearly undiscovered research field by clarifying some of the basic terminology and draws on examples from all over Europe, focussing on the numbering of - mostly vagrant - people on one side, on spaces such as houses, rooms or even hospital beds on the other side. At the end some of the research questions to be asked about this topic in the future are presented., Anton Tantner ; translated by Brita Pohl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Wild Arachis genotypes were analysed for chlorophyll a fluorescence, carbon isotope discrimination (ΔC), specific leaf area (SLA), and SPAD readings. Associations between different traits, i.e., SLA and SPAD readings (r =-0.76), SLA and ΔC (r = 0.42), and ΔC and SPAD readings (r = 0.30) were established. The ratio of maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) showed a wider variability under water deficit (WD) than that after irrigation (IR). Genotypes were grouped according to the Fv/Fm ratio as: efficient, values between 0.80 and 0.85; moderately efficient, the values from 0.79 to 0.75; inefficient, the values < 0.74. Selected Selected genotypes were evaluated also for their green fodder yield: the efficient genotypes ranged between 3.0 and 3.8, the moderately efficient were 2.6 and 2.7, the inefficient genotypes were of 2.3 and 2.5 t ha-1 per year in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Leaf
water-relation traits studied in WD and IR showed that the efficient genotypes were superior in maintenance of leaf water-relation traits, especially, under WD. Potential genotypes identified in this study may enhance biomass productivity in the semiarid tropic regions., P. C. Nautiyal, A. L. Rathnakumar, G. Kulkarni, M. S. Sheshshayee., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2), assessed from in situ chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements, was seasonally monitored in five evergreen sclerophyll and five malacophyllous drought semi-deciduous species, co-occurring in the same Mediterranean field site. In evergreen sclerophylls, a considerable drop in the variable (Fv) to maximum (Fm) Chl fluorescence ratio coincided with the lowest winter temperatures, indicating low PS2 efficiency during this period. Summer drought caused a comparatively slight decrease in Fv/Fm and only in three of the five evergreen sclerophyll species tested. In drought semi-deciduous shrubs, the winter drop in Fv/Fm was much less conspicuous. During the summer, and in spite of the severe and prolonged desiccation of their malacophyllous leaves, Fv/Fm was maintained high and only in one species the PS2 efficiency was transiently suppressed, when the leaf relative water content became lower than 30 %. Thus evergreen sclerophylls are more prone to photoinhibition by low winter temperatures, while the sensitivity of drought semi-deciduals depends on the extent and duration of summer drought. and S. Karavatas, Y. Manetas.