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2. Intraoligochaete development of Myxobolus intimus (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae), a gill myxosporean of the roach (Rutilus rutilus)
- Creator:
- Rácz, Orsolya Z., Székely, Csaba, and Molnár, Kálmán
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Myxobolus intimus, myxospore, gill parasite, Rutilus rutilus, intraoligochaete development, Tubifex tubifex, and triactinospore
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The infection with Myxobolus intimus Zaika, 1965 in the gills of the roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) from Lake Balaton was recorded in 28 out of the 39 fish examined. Developing and mature plasmodia were detected on the gills exclusively in the spring. The Myxobolus intimus infection was found only in 2- to 3-year-old fish. In histological sections, young plasmodia were found in capillaries of the secondary lamellae. More mature, round plasmodia 0.4-0.6 mm in diameter, deformed the respiratory lamellae. The intraoligochaete development of M. intimus was studied in experimentally infected oligochaetes. In two experiments, uninfected Tubifex tubifex Müller and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Claparède) were exposed to mature myxospores of M. intimus. In both experiments, typical triactinospores developed in T. tubifex specimens but no infection was found in L. hoffmeisteri. In semithin sections, developmental stages, pansporocysts and actinospores, were found within the proliferated gut epithelium of T. tubifex. Triactinospores were first released from oligochaetes 37 and 58 days after initial exposure in the two experiments, respectively. Each triactinospore had three pyriform polar capsules and a cylindrical sporoplasm with 32 secondary cells. The spore body joined the 3 caudal projections with a moderately long style.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. MiR-503 contributes to glucocorticoid sensitivity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia via targeting WNT3A
- Creator:
- Tian, C., Liu, L., Zheng, M., Ye, Z., Chen, R., and Lan, Xiang
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- miR-503, glucocorticoids, sensitivity, and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Abnormal accumulation of lymphoblasts in the blood and bone marrow is the main characteristic of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Glucocorticoids are effective drugs for ALL, while glucocorticoid resistance is an obstacle to ALL therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the drug resistance and modulate the response of ALL to glucocorticoids. The role of miR-503 in glucocorticoid sensitivity of ALL was investigated in this study. Firstly, T-leukaemic cells were isolated from patients with ALL. The human ALL cell line (CCRF/CEM) was incubated with dexamethasone to establish a glucocorticoid- resistant ALL cell line (CCRF/CEM-R). Data from MTT showed that IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of dexamethasone in T-leukaemic cells isolated from glucocorticoid-resistant ALL patients or CCRF/CEM-R was increased compared with IC50 in T-leukaemic cells isolated from glucocorticoid- sensitive ALL patients or CCRF/CEM. MiR- 503 was down-regulated in glucocorticoid-resistant leukaemic cells and CCRF/CEM-R. Secondly, overexpression of miR-503 sensitized CCRF/CEM-R to dexamethasone. Moreover, over-expression of miR- 503 also promoted the sensitivity of ALL cells to dexamethasone. Thirdly, miR-503 bound to WNT3A mRNA and negatively regulated the expression of WNT3A. Over-expression of miR-503 reduced protein expression of nuclear β-catenin, and over-expression of WNT3A attenuated the miR-503 overexpression- induced decrease in nuclear β-catenin. Lastly, the over-expression of miR-503-induced increased sensitivity of ALL-resistant cells and CCRF/ CEM-R to dexamethasone was attenuated by overexpression of WNT3A. In conclusion, miR-503 targeted WNT3A mRNA to sensitize ALL cells to glucocorticoids through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. On Hölder regularity for vector-valued minimizers of quasilinear functionals
- Creator:
- Daněček, Josef and Viszus, Eugen
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- quasilinear functional, minimizer, regularity, and Campanato-Morrey space
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We discuss the interior Hölder everywhere regularity for minimizers of quasilinear functionals of the type A(u; Ω) = Z Ω A αβ ij (x,u)Dαu iDβu j dx whose gradients belong to the Morrey space L 2,n−2 (Ω, RnN ).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Why is it better to produce coffee seedlings in full sunlight than in the shade? A morphophysiological approach
- Creator:
- Moraes, G. A. B. K., Chaves, A. R. M., Martins, S. C. V., Barros, R. S., and DaMatta, F. M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, biomass allocation, Coffea, growth, oxidative stress, photoinhibition, photosynthesis, and xanthophylls
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The coffee plant is native to shaded environments and its seedlings are often produced in shaded nurseries. However, some nursery managers, in an effort to improve the acclimation of seedlings to field conditions after transplantation, produce seedlings in full sun exposure. In this study, the morphological and physiological parameters of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings produced in full sun (T1) and in shade (T2) were examined. The biomass accumulation and relative growth rate of T1 and T2 seedlings were similar. The T1 seedlings had less biomass allocation to shoots, a lower leaf mass ratio and a lower leaf area ratio; however, they had a greater net assimilation rate (rate of increase in plant mass per unit leaf area), which was associated with a greater net photosynthetic rate. There were no alterations in the concentrations of total chlorophylls or in the chlorophyll a/b ratio when comparing T1 and T2 seedlings. No indications of photoinhibition or photooxidative damage were observed in the T1 plants, which were shown to have a more robust antioxidant system than the T2 plants. Seedlings transferred from shade to full sun (T3) were not capable of utilising the incident extra light to fix CO2. These seedlings showed a remarkable nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and a significantly increased deepoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, even at predawn, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes was lower than in the T1 and T2 plants. Despite the acclimation capacity of T3 seedlings to the new light environment, they exhibited chronic photoinhibition and considerable photooxidative damage throughout the seven days following the transfer to full sun exposure. We further discuss the practical implications of producing coffee seedlings in full sunlight and under shade. and G. A. B. K. Moraes ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public