The systematic and interdisciplinary study of relations between technology and culture is at the core of one project at the Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT). This text introduces the institutional background of this project as well as some early ac-tivities and first results. After that it focuses on the theoretical foundations for the concepts of technology and culture being used in this project. Based on these thoughts the correlation between technology and culture is being illustrated and some examples of its interdependencies are given. Finally some concluding theses are presented. and Gerhard Banse, Robert Hauser.
Larvae (metacestodes) of tapeworms of the cyclophyllidean family Gryporhynchidae (previously included in the Dilepididae) occur in different internal organs of fresh- and brackish water fish (110 fish species of 27 families in 12 orders reported), which serve as the second intermediate hosts. The species composition, spectrum of fish hosts, sites of infection, and geographical distribution of gryporhynchids recorded from fish are reviewed here on the basis of literary data and examination of extensive material from helminthological collections. Metacestodes of the following genera have been found in fish: Amirthalingamia Bray, 1974 (1 species), Ascodilepis Guildal, 1960 (1), Cyclustera Fuhrmann, 1901 (4), Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912 (1), Glossocercus Chandler, 1935 (3), Neogryporhynchus Baer et Bona, 1960 (1), Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (5), Parvitaenia Burt, 1940 (2), and Valipora Linton, 1927 (3). However, most published records concern only three species, namely Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (Wedl, 1855) from the intestinal lumen, Paradilepis scolecina (Rudolphi, 1819) from the liver and mesenteries, and Valipora campylancristrota (Wedl, 1855) from the gall bladder of cyprinids and other fish in the Palaearctic Region. Data on other species as well as reports from other regions are very scarce and almost no information is available from Australia, tropical Asia and South America. A recent study of gryporhynchid metacestodes from Mexico (Scholz and Salgado-Maldonado 2001), which reported 13 species, suggested that they may be more common than indicated by records in the literature. Although only a few cases of pathogenic influence of larvae on fish hosts have been reported, the veterinary importance of gryporhynchids remains to be assessed on the basis of more detailed studies. The data available indicate a strict host and site specificity of some species whereas others occur in a wide spectrum of fish hosts and are not strictly site-specific. Evaluation of Paradilepis larvae from the liver of salmonid fish from British Columbia, Canada, identified as P. simoni Rausch, 1949 by Ching (1982), has shown that they probably belong to two species, P. simoni and P. rugovaginosus Freeman, 1954. Metacestodes of the latter species and those of Cyclustera magna (Baer, 1959) from the intestinal wall of Tilapia zillii (Gervais) from Kenya are reported from fish for the first time.
The agricultural area of South Bohemia belongs to the regions where the steady advancement of industrialization created conditions for survival of continuous phenomenons of traditional culture, survival incomparably longer then in other regions. Up to the 197 Os, in the region of Blata (Moorland) in South Bohemia had been kept a traditionalfuneral rite that in a great part contained ofsongs above the open coffin of the deceased. This rite takes place in the house of the deceased and ali of the relatives and also the best friend from the village participate in it. Beside prayers they sing also the folk spriritual songs that are kept by the almost eighty-year old František Peterka from the village Borkovice. This singer was at the time of the research the only one able to lead this traditional farewell. Hefinds support in the manuscript recording taken from an original song collection of the teacher Kukla, also from Borkovoce in the region of Blata. This hymn book written in German cursive hand dates back to the first half of the nineteenth century and the comparison of its entries with the contemporary recording used by the singer Peterka reveals a direct continuity and many times a word-for-word taking over of those songs from the hymn-book that became the most popular in the span of 150 years. Not all the villages in the region had their own church and pastor. Because of this, it was indispensable the role of a specialized singer respected by the community that substituted the priest and the farewell in the church. The singer usually inherited his function from his father. The death songs recorded during the research in one of the villages of the region of Blata (Mažice) make part of the whole system of partial funeral rites. One of these is represented by a funeral procession through the whole village till its end, during which the same singer that is also organizer of the rite asks forgiveness from ali the participants in case the deceased did some wrong to them during his or her life. The rite is being accompanied also by other phonic manifestations: for example, the music performed by a small brass band, the sound of a passing-bell, cries and lamentations of the relatives, sounds of the poultry in the courtyard from which the procession starts, the songs of the singer in the procession. The ceremony led by the priest today takes part according to the standard Roman Catholic rite in the church of the neighouring village only after this traditional ceremony.