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22. Landmark and outline-based geometric morphometrics analysis of three Stomoxys flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Creator:
Changbunjong, Tanasak, Sumruayphol, Suchada, Weluwanarak, Thekhawet, Ruangsittichai, Jiraporn, and Dujardin, Jean-Pierre
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
muscidae, landmarks, outlines, Stomoxys pullus, Stomoxys uruma, Stomoxys indicus, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Adult flies of the genus Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae), especially S. pullus Austen, 1909, S. uruma Shinonaga et Kano, 1966 and S. indicus Picard, 1908, are morphologically similar and sometimes difficult to distinguish when using external morphological characteristics. These species may act as vectors and/or potential vectors of many pathogens (virus, bacteria and protozoa). Their correct identification is important to target the vectors involved in the transmission of the pathogens and also helps in the fly control program.The aim of the present study was to distinguish three species which are difficult to separate using traditional diagnostic characters for species of Stomoxys such as colour patterns and body proportions. Modern morphometrics, both landmark and outline-based, was used to access wing geometry of S. pullus, S. uruma and S. indicus. A total of 198 and 190 wing pictures were analysed for landmark- and outline-based approaches, respectively. Wing shape was able to separate species and sexes of the three Stomoxys flies with highly significant difference of Mahalanobis distances. The cross-validated classification scores ranged from 76% to 100% for landmark and 77% to 96% for outline-based morphometrics. The geometry of wing features appears to be a very useful, low-cost tool to distinguish among the vectors S. pullus, S. uruma and S. indicus. and Tanasak Changbunjong, Suchada Sumruayphol, Thekhawet Weluwanarak, Jiraporn Ruangsittichai, Jean-Pierre Dujardin.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

23. Life cycle of Hepatozoon affluomaloti sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) in crag lizards (Sauria: Cordylidae) and in culicine mosquitoes from South Africa

Creator:
As, Johann Van, Davies, Angela J, and Smit, Nico J
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitologie, parasitology, gamonts, merogonic stage, oocysts, sporocysts, sporozoites, transmission, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A new haemogregarine species Hepatozoon affluomaloti sp. n. is described from erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of crag lizards Pseudocordylus melanotus (Smith) and Pseudocordylus subviridis (Smith) (Sauria: Cordylidae) from mountainous regions in the Eastern Free State, South Africa. This species can be distinguished from all other congeners based on its large size, staining properties and life cycle development in its vector, Culex (Afroculex) lineata (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae). Mature gamonts stain mostly uniformly pinkish-purple with Giemsa, sometimes containing darker azurophilic granules anterior and posterior to the nucleus. The reflexed posterior extremity of the gamont stage sometimes stains slightly deeper purple and the nucleus is dense and placed in the posterior third of the parasite body. Merogonic stages of this haemogregarine occur in the liver tissues of P. melanotus with dizoic meronts. Macromeronts contains 2-7 macromerozoites and micromeronts contains 9-24 micromerozoites. Sporogonic developmental stages found in the proposed final host and vector, C. lineata, include large oocysts, measuring 54 × 48 µm on average. Sporulating oocysts with 8 nuclei are present in mosquitoes 6-7 days post-feeding on infected lizards. Sporocysts with mature sporozoites measure 31.0 × 21.8 µm on average and each contains 2-8 large sporozoites. It is suggested that transmission of infective sporozoites is achieved through predation of lizards on mosquitoes., Johann Van As, Angela J. Davies, Nico J. Smit., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

24. Measuring mitochondrial respiration in adherent cells infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 using Seahorse extracellular flux analyser

Creator:
González-Ortiz, Laura Maria, Sánchez-Villamil, Juana Patricia, Celis-Rodríguez, Mike A. , Lineros, Giovanni , Sanabria-Barrera, Sandra , Serrano, Norma C. , Rincon, Melvin Y. , and Bautista-Nino, Paula K.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Chagas disease, trophoblastic cells, cardiomyocytes, cellular respiration, and mitochondrial bioenergetics
Language:
English
Description:
Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 is reported to increase the production of reactive oxygen species in patients with Chagas disease. Mitochondria dysfunction, host inflammatory response and inadequate antioxidant response are described as the main factors leading to oxidative stress during acute and chronic stages of the disease. The Seahorse XFe24 extracellular flux platform allows energy metabolism determination through mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis measurements. XFe24 platform can be used in in vitro models of T. cruzi-infected cells, which allow the assessment and even modulation of endogenous conditions of infected cells, generating readouts of real-time cellular bioenergetics changes. In this protocol, we standardised the use of XFe24 technology in T. cruzi infected AC16 cardiomyocytes and SGHPL-5 trophoblasts. In addition, we provide a list of optimised assay specifications, advantages and critical steps to be considered during the process. Cardiomyocytes and trophoblasts are attractive target cells to evaluate the metabolic environment in acute, chronic and congenital Chagas transmission scenarios.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. Molecular identification of Colpodella sp. of South China tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis (Hilzheimer) in the Meihua Mountains, Fujian, China

Creator:
Chiu, Hung-chuan, Sun, Xiaoshuang, Bao, Yinli, Fu, Wenyuan, Lin, Kaixiong, Chen, Tengteng, Zheng, Canyang, Li, Shixian, Chen, Wanting, and Huang, Cuiqin
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ticks, Yunnan, 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and ITS2 rRNA
Language:
English
Description:
A three-year-old male South China tiger died in the tiger enclosure of the China Tiger Park in the Meihua Mountains on December 2018 after being bitten by a tick. This tiger presented clinical symptoms like whole-body severe jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, kidney, and lymph node hemorrhages. The Colpodella sp.-specific 18S rRNA gene was detected using nested PCR. Interestingly, the DNA isolated from the blood of the tiger was found to be 100% similar to that of the tick by NCBI BLAST analysis. However, the DNA fragments isolated from the tiger's blood were 90.1% similar to the Colpodella sp. strain human erythrocyte parasite (HEP, MH208621) and 90.4% similar to the Colpodella sp. strain Heilongjiang (HLJ, KT364261). To investigate the species of ticks and ticks-carried Colpodella parasites in this region, the species of ticks obtained from the grasses outside the tiger enclosure and the species of Colpodella carried by ticks were identified. The DNA from ticks as well as that from the tick-borne Colpodella sp. were amplified from each tick using PCR followed by amplicon sequencing. In total 402 adult ticks samples were collected, among which 22 were positive for Colpodella sp. (5.5%), and the species were further determined by morphology, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Interestingly, one Colpodella sp. was found to have 94.2% sequence similarities to the Colpodella sp. strain HEP (MH208621). This strain was previously reported to infect a woman in Yunnan, China. In addition, three Colpodella sp. showed 87-91% sequence similarities to the Colpodella sp. strain HLJ (KT364261), which was previously reported to infect human in Heilongjiang, China. This study disclosed the possibility of zoonotic transmission of Colpodella sp. by ticks in China. Finally, it provides a basis for urgently determining and monitoring the repertoire of ticks-borne piroplasmid pathogens, with the ultimate aim of strategic control.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

26. Morphological and complete mitogenomic characterisation of the acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus infecting the duck Anas platyrhynchos

Creator:
Sarwar, Huda, Zhao, Wen-ting, Jepkorir Kibet, Caroline, Sitko, Jiljí, and Nie, Pin
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Acanthocephala, Palaeanthocephala, morphological characteristics, mitochondrial genome, and Polymorphida
Language:
English
Description:
Morphological characteristics of the acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus (Goeze, 1782), which was collected from the duck Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus in the Czech Republic, are described. The mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. minutus was sequenced, with a total length of 14,149 bp, comprising 36 genes including 12 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and two ribosomal RNA genes (rrnL and rrnS). This genome is similar to the mt genomes of other syndermatan species. All these genes were encoded on the same DNA strand and in the same orientation. The overall nucleotide composition of the P. minutus mt genome was 38.2% T, 27.3% G, 26.2% A, and 8.3% C. The amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs for mt genomes of 28 platyzoans, including P. minutus, were used for phylogenetic analysis, and the resulting topology recovers P. minutus as sister to Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925), and the two taxa form a sister clade to Centrorhynchus aluconis (Müller, 1780) and Plagiorhynchus transversus (Rudolphi, 1819), which are all species in the Palaeacanthocephala, thus supporting the monophyly of this class.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

27. Morphological variation in the hyperapolytic lecanicephalidean species Anteropora japonica (Yamaguti, 1934) (Eucestoda)

Creator:
Guyer, Rachel R and Jensen, Kirsten
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
příčnoústí, Elasmobranchii, Tchaj-wan, Taiwan, Lecanicephalidea, Torpediniformes, Narkidae, Narke japonica, Japanese sleeper ray, developmental variation, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
In November of 2013, a specimen of Japanese sleeper ray, Narke japonica (Temminck et Schlegel), caught off Nanfang-ao, Taiwan was found to be parasitised by the cestode Anteropora japonica (Yamaguti, 1934). Specimens comprised whole worms and free proglottids, both of varying degrees of maturity. This material allowed for the opportunity to examine in detail the developmental progression of this hyperapolytic lecanicephalidean species with regard to overall size, scolex dimensions, and microthrix pattern. Complete immature worms ranged in size from 2.4 mm to 14 mm. The smallest scoleces were half as wide as larger scoleces and exhibited a much smaller ratio of apical organ width to bothridial width. Proglottids more than quadrupled in length during maturation from terminal attached immature to detached proglottids. In addition, a change in microthrix pattern was observed on the anterior region of the proglottids from immature to gravid proglottids; the anterior region of attached immature proglottids is covered with gladiate to coniform spinitriches with capilliform filitriches only rarely visible, whereas this region in detached proglottids is covered with gladiate to coniform spinitriches and conspicuous capilliform filitriches. This is the first report of A. japonica from outside Japan expanding its distribution south to Taiwan. In addition, a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the genus is presented that suggests congeners from the same host species are not each other's closest relatives, nor is there an apparent phylogenetic signal for apical organ type or reproductive strategy (apolysis). However, reproductive strategy does seem to be correlated with host group such that euapolytic species parasitise dasyatid stingrays while hyperapolytic species parasitise either torpediniform rays or orectolobiform sharks., Rachel R. Guyer and Kirsten Jensen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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29. On a certain construction of lattice expansions

Creator:
Gramaglia, Hector
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
lattice expansions, subdirectly irreducibles, and triples
Language:
English
Description:
We obtain a simple construction for particular subclasses of several varieties of lattice expansions. The construction allows a unified approach to the characterization of the subdirectly irreducible algebras.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30. On invariant subspaces for polynomially bounded operators

Creator:
Liu, Junfeng
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
matematika, mathematics, invariantní podprostory, polynomially bounded operator, invariant subspace, 13, and 51
Language:
English
Description:
We discuss the invariant subspace problem of polynomially bounded operators on a Banach space and obtain an invariant subspace theorem for polynomially bounded operators. At the same time, we state two open problems, which are relative propositions of this invariant subspace theorem. By means of the two relative propositions (if they are true), together with the result of this paper and the result of C. Ambrozie and V. Müller (2004) one can obtain an important conclusion that every polynomially bounded operator on a Banach space whose spectrum contains the unit circle has a nontrivial invariant closed subspace. This conclusion can generalize remarkably the famous result that every contraction on a Hilbert space whose spectrum contains the unit circle has a nontrivial invariant closed subspace (1988 and 1997)., Junfeng Liu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public