Selected sex related differences in pathophysiology of cardiovascular system

Title:

Selected sex related differences in pathophysiology of cardiovascular system

Creator:

Kittnar, Otomar

Identifier:

https://cdk.lib.cas.cz/client/handle/uuid:7cd7eeeb-1ed0-42fd-aec0-34d147147bb1
uuid:7cd7eeeb-1ed0-42fd-aec0-34d147147bb1
doi:10.33549/physiolres.934068

Subject:

sex related differences, cardiovascular system, and sex hormones

Type:

model:article and TEXT

Format:

počítač and online zdroj

Description:

The annual incidence of cardiovascular diseases is agedependently increasing both in men and women, however, the prevalence is higher in men until midlife. The higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in men than in women of similar age, and the menopause-associated increase in cardiovascular disease in women, has led to speculation that gender-related differences in sex hormones might have a key role in the development and evolution of cardiovascular disease. There are several suggested pathways in which gender and sex hormones can affect human cardiovascular system to produce original sexually different pathophysiology between women and men. Sex steroid hormones and their receptors are critical determinants of cardiovascular gender differences. Also arterial blood pressure is typically lower in women than in men what could be explained particularly by greater synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in women. Female cardiomyocytes have a greater survival advantage when challenged with oxidative stress, suggesting that female hormones may play an important role in antioxidative protection of myocardium. It was also demonstrated in animal models that combination of XX chromosomes versus an XY chromosomes enhances sex differences in higher HDL cholesterol. Women were found to have reduced sympathetic activity (reflected by lower total peripheral resistance) and pulmonary artery pressure and enhanced parasympathetic activity relative to men. Similarly, men were found to have higher plasma norepinephrine levels than women. Regarding differences between the sexes in electrophysiology of the heart, two principle mechanisms have been proposed to explain them: hormonal effects on the expression or function of ion channels or, conversely, differences in autonomic tone. To improve diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, greater focus on understanding the molecular and cellular physiology of the sex steroid hormones and their receptors in the cardiovascular system will be required.

Language:

English

Rights:

http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
policy:public

Coverage:

21-31

Source:

Physiological research | 2020 Volume:69 | Number:1

Harvested from:

CDK

Metadata only:

false