The karyotypes of Sciurus alphonsei from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and S. spadiceus from the Amazon region are described. Standard staining revealed 2n = 40 and FN = 76 in both species, with all autosome pairs being biarmed. C-banding in S. alphonsei showed pericentromeric labelling only. The karyotypes obtained are similar to those known for Holarctic taxa, except S. vulgaris and S. v. coreae that have FN = 72. The karyotypic stability of the diploid number in genus Sciurus is confirmed.