The development stages of a species may have an identical lower development threshold (LDT) and proportionally different durations. This phenomenon called "rate isomorphy" (RI) has been demonstrated for a number of insect species. In contrast, the growing day degrees accumulated over the period of larval development (sum of effective temperatures SET) should be plastic and vary with environment conditions. The prediction from RI is that, with changing conditions, the uniform LDT should be accompanied by differences in development time which remain proportional at different temperatures. This was tested by investigating the effect of diet on thermal requirements for development of larvae of the polyphagous species Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The larvae were kept at 15.0, 20.3 and 26.7°C and fed on leaves of 13dicotyledoneous herb and tree species. The proportion of total development time spent on a particular diet was plotted against temperature. The existence of RI was inferred from a zero change in development time proportion with changing temperature. This rigorous test supported RI for 3 of 9 diets where development was completed in all temperatures. The LDT observed on 11 diets where the larvae completed development in at least 2 temperatures varied between 9.3 and 11.0°C while SET varied between 167 and 353 day degrees (dd). Assuming RI, LDT and SET for those 9 diets were recalculated. The recalculated LDT was 10.0°C and SET varied between 177-257 dd. The SET increased with decreasing water content and decreasing nitrogen content of food. Worsening food quality decreased food consumption, metabolic and food conversion efficiency, and the relative growth rate of the larvae. Increasing metabolic costs of development were thus positively correlated with SET. The standardized rate of growth (mg.dd-1) was typical for particular diets. Pupal mass decreased with increasing temperature and, within each temperature, with development length.
V příspěvku kazuisticky demonstrujeme méně častou příčinu sekundární hypertenze v dětství a adolescenci. Ojedinělý je také časový odstup mezi udávaným úrazem a vznikem obtíží, které vedly k vyšetření. Punkce a evakuace staršího hematomu ledviny a pozdější laparoskopická operace pro recidivu kolekce tekutin přispěly k normalizaci krevního tlaku a vyléčení chlapce., This case report presents late onset secondary hypertension due to traumatic subcapsular haematoma in a young boy (page kidney). Rare was the time gap between trauma and clinical presentation. Puncture and evacuation of the older haematoma with subsequent laparoscopic marsupialisation of the subcapsular space due to a recurrent fluid collection were curative., Jiří Špaček, Ivo Novák, Barbora Jasná, Jan Tomášek, Slavomír Vachata, Miloš Broďák, and Literatura