Štúdia pojednáva o sociálnych vzťahoch medzi rovesníkmi vo výchovnoinštitucionálnych kontextoch z hľadiska angažovanosti telesných prvkov v ich vzájomných interakciách. Ide o snahu prakticky rozvinúť tzv. etnografiu tela, ktorá namiesto rečovej analýzy zohľadňuje pozorovanie správania a prejavov participantov. Ozrejmené sú špecifické formy telesného kontaktu využívané jednak pri utváraní rovesníckych zoskupení a taktiež aj pri intencionálnom rovesníckom učení sa. and The study reports on social relations among peers in the contexts of various educational institutions. The aim of the study is to emphasize the importance of bodily expressions and their involvement in the constitution of peer-to-peer interactions, with focus on the ethnography of the body, reflecting rather the participants' behaviour than their speech. The author comments on various forms of corporeal contacts as key factors in the creation of peer groups and the intentional peer learning.
The author analyses the organization of selected nursery schools and their interactive patterns with the assistance of ethnological concept of rituals of transition. Two types of nursery schools were chosen for this purpose - the alternative model of initial schooling represented by approach of Maria Montessori and the common public nursery school. The author describes the Montessori-preschool as a place of sacral ritual practices which correspond to transitional schema of A. van Gennep and V. Turner. The common public nursery school can be also understood as organization based on rituals of transition, but its rituals are symbolically reduced and meet more profane purposes. These propositions are demonstrated with the assistance of conceptual and field data (resulting from school ethnography). The significant symbolic divergence of transitional schéma in both organizations is in contrast to similar formative effects on children. The common implicit aim of these schemas seems to be the effective conformization of behavior, which Montessori calls “joyful obedience”.
The contribution analyses the broader context of the existence of musical subculture hard core in Slovakia and the Czech Republic in the 1990s. It especially focuses on illuminating the connection of this subculture with life experiences of young generation and the cultural reality of the period. At the same time, the article describes the ideology of this musical subculture and gives examples of its projection into the texts of various hard core formations.
Stať predstavuje pokus o lokalizáciu rituálnych štúdií v teoretickom a metodologickom prostredí vied o výchove. Základné paradigmatické (ale aj biograficky fundované) "spojenectvo" sa nachádza s koncepciami tzv. skrytého kurikula, pričom z týchto koncepcií sa vyberajú konštitutívne znaky tohto "spojenectva" (existencia manifestnej a latentnej stránky formatívnych javov, význam rutinizácie pri odštepovaní manifestného od latentného a pod.). Metodologické "spojenectvo" sa identifikuje s etnografickým prístupom, s ktorým bývajú spájané aj koncepty skrytého kurikula. Zo systematického hľadiska možno identifikovať napojenie na tzv. reflexívne vedecké paradigmy, v pedagogike integrované v systematike tzv. reflexívnej vedy o výchove. and The paper is an attempt to localize ritual studies within the theory and methodology of educational sciences. A fundamental paradigmatic (but also biographically-based) "alliance" can be found with the concepts of the so-called hidden curriculum, the latter providing a ground for selecting features constitutive of this "alliance" (overt and covert aspects of formative phenomena, importance of automating the process of splitting the overt from the covert etc.). A methodological "alliance" is found with the ethnographic approach, one associated with concepts of the hidden curriculum, too. As for the systemic point of view, ritual studies may be seen as akin to the so-called reflexive paradigms, integrated within the so-called reflexive education science in educational theory.
The summarizing study presents the research field of the so called school ethnography of the body (SEB) that started to develop during the last decade. This interdisciplinary field produces results that could be used in the social and cultural anthropology, sociology, social philosophy as well as in pedagogy. The introductory part of the study is dedicated to the concept of the body that is being productively handled within the frame of the SEB. Subsequently, selected concepts of the body are applied to the socio-cultural space of the school, and in the final part of the study the results of partial researches within the frame of the SEB, realized so far, are presented, as well as the basic theoretical and methodological approaches.
The Slovak teaching profession is in a difficult situation. There are signs that the country is facing a teaching staff shortage and that the demand for new teachers will continue to grow. The data indicate that some subjects are being taught by unqualified teachers on a fairly wide scale. Finding quick, simple solutions to these problems is a challenge because teaching is not considered an attractive profession, mainly because of teachers' low salaries and social status. We will illustrate related uncertainties and complications in the teaching profession by looking at two extremes of these trends in the teaching profession. On the one side, we have Teach for Slovakia, which has opened potential for new teaching qualification models. It is an example of inclusive education in the sense that it only works when differences among teachers are accepted and the focus is on teachers' strong points and professional characteristics. On the other side, the introduction of national testing has made teachers accountable for student educational outcomes. Our qualitative interviews reveal that, in the (sometimes critical) views of teachers, accountability is now part of professionalism in Slovakia and is producing various tensions.