Several aspects of invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) biology are based on sporadic observations or anecdotal reports only, e.g. they are night feeders, they prey on eggs and larvae of native fish and male feeding ceases or is highly restricted during breeding due to nest-guarding. To test the general validity of such hypotheses, we assessed diel and inter-sex differences in diet and feeding intensity of 232 gobies (144 female [54 day:90 night] and 88 male [39 day:49 night]) caught during the breeding season. Gobies took primarily aquatic insect larvae and did not predate on eggs, larvae or juveniles of native fish. Unlike previous studies, we observed no diel difference in feeding intensity or diet composition; hence no universal diel pattern can be implied for round goby feeding. On the other hand, we observed significant inter-sex differences in both feeding intensity and diet composition, with males consuming less food than females, presumably due to restricted feeding activity during nest-guarding. Inter-sex shifts in both diet composition and amount of food were less than expected, however, suggesting that, under most conditions, there is no reason to expect a fatal decrease in male energy intake, as suggested by some earlier studies.
A rapid expansion of tubenose goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) in a system of lowland reservoirs and adjacent rivers in the south-east of the Czech Republic (Danube basin) is reported. Spontaneous expansion of distributional range resulted in this species becaming a dominant fish in littoral zones with up to 100% relative abundance of the reservoirs and rivers.
Brno Reservoir (259 ha) is one of the most intensively utilised waterbodies in the Czech Republic, being used simultaneously for recreation, sport, fisheries, boating and electric power production. Despite this, no consistent fish survey has yet been performed at the reservoir. Between 2009 and 2012, a number of measures, including fish biomanipulation, were applied to improve water quality. Large cyprinids (mainly common bream Abramis brama) were removed and predatory fish (e.g. pike Esox lucius, zander Sander lucioperca) stocked. In September 2012 and 2013, we carried out an extensive study of the fish community in order to describe the present fish assemblage and evaluate the success of biomanipulation. Fish were sampled at 11 locations using electrofishing (inlet zone) and beach seining (lake zone). Twenty-three species and one hybrid were recorded (inlet zone – 20, lake zone – 14), with roach Rutilus rutilus and bleak Alburnus alburnus (plus perch Perca fluviatilis) dominant in inlet samples, but carp Cyprinus carpio dominant by biomass; and white bream Blicca bjoerkna and roach dominant in the lake zone, both by abundance and biomass. Predatory species represented 14-17 % of biomass in both the inlet and lake zones in both years. The final results of biomanipulation were questionable. While a low proportion of adult bream suggests successful removal, populations of small cyprinids, such as roach and white bream, increased in compensation. There was little evidence for an increase in predatory fish following stocking, probably due to angling pressure. Our results indicate that biomanipulation to improve ecological water quality in reservoirs is unlikely to be successful when they are managed specifically for carp and predator angling.
The evaluation of resident fi sh communities is an important component of the ecological status assessment in aquatic habitats. Despite signifi cant water quality improvement in the Czech Republic in the last decade, several important pollution sources in the Elbe River basin remain. The aim of the study was to evaluate fish community in a chronically polluted part of the channelized lowland Elbe River and its potential indicative capability. The effluent from both industrial and municipal sewage treatment plant exhibited low pH, high conductivity and wide set of organic compounds (PAH, PCB, DDT etc.). Ecological characteristics of fi sh communities were obtained by boat electro fishing at selected sites in four inter-weir sections in July 2005 and 2006. Relatively high fish species richness (24 species) was observed in both seasons. Generalists (bleak, roach, chub) form the majority of the fish community in all four sections. There was no significant difference in fish species richness or density among study sections (river segments between weirs) even with a high level of measured organic compounds at the pollution inlet. Signifi cant differences in fish species richness and density were registered among individual sites within study sections. Sites downstream the weirs had signifi cantly higher species richness and density than the other two sites in the middle and upstream weirs. Fish community does not display any indicative remarks concerning water pollution, or in the case of mid-size river, sampling strategy was not effi cient to recognize it. Channelization and regulation of the study stretch of the Elbe River seems to be the most important determinant of fi sh community structure.
Myxobolus pseudodispar Gorbunova, 1936 (Myxozoa) was originally described as a parasite of common roach, Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus), with developing stages in muscles and spores disseminated in macrophage centres of different organs and tissues. Later, this parasite was described from several other cyprinids, but with relatively large intraspecific differences based on SSU rDNA gene sequences. Within our long-term study on myxozoan biodiversity, we performed a broad microscopic and molecular screening of various freshwater fish species (over 450 specimens, 36 species) from different localities. We investigated the cryptic species status of M. pseudodispar. Our analysis revealed four new unique SSU rDNA sequences of M. pseudodispar as well as an infection in new fish host species. Myxobolus pseudodispar sequence analysis showed clear phylogenetic grouping according to fish host criterion forming 13 well-recognised clades. Using 1% SSU rDNA-based genetic distance criterion, at least ten new species of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 may be recognised in the group of M. pseudodispar sequences. Our analysis showed the paraphyletic character of M. pseudodispar sequences and the statistical tests rejected hypothetical tree topology with the monophyletic status of the M. pseudodispar group. Myxobolus pseudodispar represents a species complex and it is a typical example of myxozoan hidden diversity phenomenon confirming myxozoans as an evolutionary very successful group of parasites with a great ability to adapt to a new hosts with subsequent speciation events.
Non-native species are known to escape their parasites following introduction into a new range, but they also often acquire local parasites as a function of time since establishment. We compared the parasite faunas of five non-native Ponto-Caspian gobies (Gobiidae) and local fish species (Perca fluviatilis, Gymnocephalus cernua, Gobio gobio) in three European river systems; the Rivers Rhine, Vistula and Morava, where Ponto-Caspian gobies were introduced 4-13 years prior to the study. Overall parasite species richness was considerably lower in non-native gobies compared to local fish species, and the same result was found at the component and infra-community levels. Both parasite abundance and diversity greatly varied among the regions, with the highest values found in the River Vistula (Wloclawski Reservoir), compared to a relatively impoverished parasite fauna in the River Morava (Danube basin). While only half of parasite species found in local hosts were acquired by non-native gobies, most of the parasites found in gobies were shared with local fish species related either phylogenetically (percids) or ecologically (benthic gudgeon), including the co-introduced monogenean Gyrodactylus proterorhini. As a result, similarity in parasite communities strongly reflected regional affiliation, while phylogenetic distances between fish host species did not play a significant role in parasite community composition. In accordance with other studies, all parasites acquired by gobies in their new range were generalists, all of them infecting fish at the larval/subadult stage, indicating the possible importance of gobies in the life cycle of euryxenous parasites. The absence of adult generalists, particularly ectoparasites with low host specificity, in non-native fish may reflect their generally low abundance in the environment, while an absence of adult endoparasitic generalists was probably related to other factors.
Juvenile 0+ fish communities in three adjacent stretches of two lowland rivers with different degrees of habitat modification were surveyed using electrofishing and evaluated as indicators of fish assemblage reproductive success and spatial distribution. Both rivers originally meandered through large flood plains, however both have been regulated and channelised, to a varying extent, during the last century. The first study stretch, the Czech stretch of the Morava River (69.4 – 92.8 r. km), was regulated by five weirs and completely separated from its floodplain. The second and third study stretches, the Slovak stretch of the Morava River (33.5 – 69.4 r. km) and the Dyje River (0 – 26.7 r. km), were not interrupted by weirs and their floodplain areas remain connected, though partially modified. The total number of 0+ fish species in all of the stretches recorded over three years was similar (22, 23 and 25 spp. resp.). The lowest value of the Shannon index of species diversity and the highest value of total relative density (CPUE) were documented in the Czech regulated-channelised stretch. Significant differences in species richness and relative density were documented among habitats.
In a recent study, we showed how local-scale climate change impacts (increased temperature, reduced rainfall, shifts in peak rainfall) affected the hydrology of a channelised lowland European river (reduced flow, reduction in flood events, increased siltation, macrophyte growth), allowing native fish species to recolonise the bankside zone and reduce the density of invasive round goby Neogobius melanostomus by effectively removing its preferred habitat, rip-rap bank stabilisation. Here, we report on a follow-on study whereby stretches of the newly vegetated bank were stripped back to clean rip-rap to assess whether presence/absence of rip-rap was the major factor affecting non-gobiid, tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris and round goby abundance. Our results confirmed rip-rap as a major factor increasing round goby abundance, and hence invasion success, on European rivers, while vegetated banks saw an increase in the abundance and diversity of non-gobiid species. While tubenose gobies showed no preference for habitat type, their numbers were significantly reduced in rip-rap colonised by larger and more aggressive round gobies. We discuss our results in light of recent artificial bank restoration measures undertaken on the Danube and Rhine and the potential role of round goby as a flagship species for cost-effective, large scale river bank restoration projects with multiple ecosystem benefits.
Sledování přítomnosti cizorodých látek v rybách je ovlivněno řadou faktorů a jedním z nich je i výběr samotného monitorovaného, tzv. modelového druhu. Modelové druhy by měly splňovat určité podmínky a ne všechny druhy jsou pro použití k těmto účelům vhodné. Článek shrnuje výhody a nevýhody využití ryb pro monitoring cizorodých látek v říčních systémech a navrhuje nejvhodnější modelový druh - jelec tloušť (Squalius cephalus). and The monitoring of water pollutants in fish is influenced by many factors including the selection of model species (not all of the species are suitable for this purpose). This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of different fish species for monitoring of water pollutants and suggests the most convenient model species – the European Chub (Squalius cephalus).