This article analyses the ascent of ‘Russian hybrid warfare’ (RHW) as a notion that transformed the understanding of national security in the Czech Republic in the short period of 2014–2016. It argues that the emergence of RHW as a specifically understood prime security threat was the result of contingent and often unruly social interactions across different settings, rather than a linear and centralised response to Russia’s actions. To capture this process, the concept of ‘assemblage’ is introduced and then defined as a temporary constellation of a variety of different actors, both public and private. Building on research interviews and documents produced in the RHW field, the authors then proceed in three steps. First, they chronologically trace the gradual emergence of the Czech RHW assemblage from a variety of different actors—bureaucrats, NGOs, academics, journalists—after Russia’s attack on Ukraine in 2014. Second, they unpack the inner workings of the assemblage by identifying the key actors and asking who did the assembling and how. Third, they look at how different actors were able to reinforce and/or transform their identities by being part of the assemblage, with an emphasis on the effects this had for the distinction between the public and the private.
The text is focused primarily on the concept of informed consumers in the Czech law. We do not aim to cover exhaustively the whole field. The main target of the article is to introduce specific questions which are connected to such a topic. In the beginning we primarily introduce general characteristics of the informed consumer, then we analyse pre-contractual information obligation and the demands focused on the transparency. As the position of the consumer is weaker than the position of the entrepreneur, misleading commercial practices and unfair contract terms are examined as well. The text is then focused on sector specific rules, such as in the area of financial services and on the aspects of the digital consumer. Throughout the text, some problematic aspects of Czech regulation or inappropriate implementation of European legislation are mentioned as well. The aim of the article is to introduce national specifics within abovementioned areas and to analyse relevant questions of consumer protection connected with information duty of the entrepreneurs., Markéta Selucká, Iva Šťavíková Řezníčková, Pavel Loutocký., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy