The article deals with the impact of the Arab uprisings on Islamism in its various forms (from the mainstream movements to the radical ones). It specifically addresses the issues revolving around the influence of politicization on Islamist movements and it describes the recent evolution of Salafi and Jihadi trends (especially as influenced by their participation in everyday politics and the war in Syria). The author argues that various Islamist tendencies have experienced significant levels of transformation in recent years, thus necessitating a reshaping of our understanding of this phenomenon., Ondřej Beránek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This article deals with the peculiarities of the ongoging Islamist insurgency in Kabardino-Balkaria, located in Russia´s volatile North Caucasus. Covering the interwoven issues of local Islam, nationalism, social organization, bad governance coupled with enduring economic and political problems, the article explores the causes and implications of the insurgency movement that seeks to establish an Islamic theocracy in thi strategically important part of the Russian Federation., Emil Souleimanov., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This paper is devoted to the most crucial period of Bosnia´s history, when the major ethnic shift in the history of the country happened. Ruins of medieval Bosnian kingdom, which existed in 1377-1463 became the basis for strong islamization of its territory. One of the key aspects why this process was so effective in comparison to other Balkan countries lies in political instability. Bosnian kingdom had three significant and strong neighbours – Ottoman Empire, The Republic of Venice and Hungarian Kingdom. Each of these empires interfered into internal political affairs of Bosnia. Another phenomenon was Bogomil or Bosnian church and its roots, which also helped Islamic religion to establish itself among Bosnian believers. Islamization of Bosnia and Hercegovina started even before the fall of Bosnian kingdom and its most intensive phase started in the 16th century when 75% of the population becames Muslim. The most rapid grow of the Islamic religious influence is to bee seen in cities, especially those built by Ottomans – like Mostar, Sarajevo or Tuzla. At the end of the 16th century we can see deceleration of islamization as well as growth of the new Bosnian Muslim nobility., Maroš Melichárek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
At the beginning of the 13th century, when Mongol Empire expansion into Europe, the Italian city-states-Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Florence, Milan, Siena and Lucca - come on the scene, next to the centralized Western European monarchies (France, England) and the Papal Curia. In Genoa and Venice, major naval republics, the chief source of wealth and power was transit trade between Western Europe and the East. Both Genoa and Venice had the political systems ideal for realizing large business operations. All the power in these republics belonged to mercantile patricians, who fell to the vast majority of income from overseas trade. In the last third of the 13th century Genoese merchants, side by side with the Franciscan and Dominican missionaries, began to expand further to the east. Genoese colonies, factories and leading trading posts were also supporting bases of religious missions. The list of these missions in the Franciscan Vicaria Tartariæ Aquilonaris is presented in the end of this paper., Vladimír Liščák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury a poznámky
At the beginning of the 13th century, when Mongol Empire expansion into Europe, the Italian city-states-Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Florence, Milan, Siena and Lucca - come on the scene, next to the centralized Western European monarchies (France, England) and the Papal Curia. In Genoa and Venice, major naval republics, the chief source of wealth and power was transit trade between Western Europe and the East. Both Genoa and Venice had the political systems ideal for realizing large business operations. All the power in these republics belonged to mercantile patricians, who fell to the vast majority of income from overseas trade. In the last third of the 13th century Genoese merchants, side by side with the Franciscan and Dominican missionaries, began to expand further to the east. Genoese colonies, factories and leading trading posts were also supporting bases of religious missions. The list of these missions in the Franciscan Vicaria Tartariæ Aquilonaris is presented in the end of this paper., Vladimír Liščák., and Obsahuje poznámky a seznam literatury