Pseudomyxoma peritonei je vzácný klinický syndrom; nádorový proces, pro který je charakteristické hromadění mucinózního ascitu a peritoneálních implantátů v břišní dutině. Primárním zdrojem je téměř vždy low grade mucinózní tumor apendixu. Jedná se o pomalu progredující, nízce agresivní, ale smrtící onemocnění s častými recidivami. Optimálním léčebným postupem je kompletní chirurgická cytoredukce (CRS) v kombinaci s peroperačně aplikovanou intraperitoneální hypertermickou chemoterapií (HIPEC) – tzv. Sugarbakerova metoda., Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon clinical syndrome characterized by the slow and progressive accumulation of peritoneal implants and mucinous ascites, intraabdominal gelatinous collection (jelly belly). PMP is reported to originate from the low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Pseudomyxoma peritonei often recurs after treatment and may eventually cause death by abdominal visceral dysfunction via compression with mucinous ascites. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy comprising hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with or without postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) has been regarded as the standard of care in specialized centers. It is often referred to as the „Sugerbaker procedure“. Conventionally, PMP is considered resistant to systemic chemotherapy. Even though complete cytoreduction is associated with prolonged overall survival, recurrence of disease is common and multiple operations are frequently required. Patients may enjoy sustained period of remission, free of symptoms, but long – term disease free survival is distinctly uncommon. The pathologic subtype remains the dominant factor in survival. Patients should be centralized to improve survival by a combination of surgical experience and adequate patient selection., Roman Kocián, and Literatura
The subject of this study is the issue of sickness, death and dying as approached in the first textbooks of pastoral theology. In the Catholic confessional environment of late 18th century Central Europe, pastoral theology was a new discipline that was about to be introduced into university curricula. The aim of this article is to outline and describe the concept of sickness and death with which the first textbooks of the new discipline worked in formulating new content and forms of spiritual care for the sick and dying. These, presented as binding on future spiritual administrators, defined itself against the older tradition and drew inspiration from Jansenist-Enlightenment approaches and thought. We mainly analyse two or three textbooks that were widely used in the Czech environment. They relied on the prescribed and most successful textbook of the Viennese pastoralist Franz Giftschütz, translated into Czech by the Olomouc teacher Václav Stach, and on the Czech scripts of Aegidius (Jiljí) Chládek, a Premonstratensian of Strahov Monastery and Prague university professor. The changes in the content and forms of Catholic preparation for death and of the concepts of illness and death must be understood in the context of the reforms that affected the field of spiritual education at this time, the new view of the person of the Catholic clergyman, and also the changes in religious and moral sentiments and the promotion and dissemination of medical knowledge and concepts also in the non-medical strata of society.
Autor se v tomto článku upozorňuje na problémy související s transplantacemi, současnými zásadami, které provázejí transplantační operace, a některými úskalími právní úpravy. Kromě právní analýzy je řešena i etická analýza tohoto palčivého problému. V textu se tak autor zabývá zejména lidskou důstojností, rovností, autonomií vůle, spravedlností a právem na život a na zdraví a jejich interpretačním rámcem v kontextu s transplantacemi. V závěru poukazuje článek na filosofickou problematičnost stanovení kritéria pro určení smrti, což dopadá na současnou transplantační praxi., Author in this article deals with issues related with organ transplantation and current leading principles in transplant laws and ethics. In this paper author analyzes issues of human dignity, equity, justice, autonomy, right to life and right to health and their context in transplant ethics. Finally this article shows some philosophical issues concerning the correct definition and standard for human death and closely connected questions with organ transplantation., Adam Doležal, and Literatura
Článek představuje pohled Romů na nemoc, umírání a smrt z perspektivy sociální antropologie. Sociální věda definuje nemoc v prvé řadě jako stav protikladný zdraví. Jako taková je do značné míry subjektivní a relativní, ovlivněná rodnou (nativní) kulturou. Etnomedicína, podobor sociální antropologie nabízí pro snadnější pochopení odlišné ontologické vize Model vysvětlení Artura Kleinmana (1980), který je v textu využíván. Článek nenabízí praktická řešení a návody pro každodenní jednání s pacienty. Poukazuje spíše na odlišnosti a podobnosti v chování a v promýšlení nemoci a smrti dvěma vedle sebe žijícími kulturami. Ve své celistvosti představuje text výzvu promýšlení takových kategorií, jakými jsou kvalita života či dobrá smrt., This paper aims to describe the ways Roma people deal with illness and death from the perspective of social anthropology. Social science defines illness primarily as an opposite to the state of health. As such, it sees it to large extend as a subjective and relative phenomenon, seriously determined by ones native culture. To illustrate the context, the author uses Explanatory model of Arthur Kleinman (1980) and sets it against the primary data, observed during the interaction between the Roma and the majority medical staff in the current Czech Republic. Paper does not offer practical solutions. Rather, it points to differences and similarities in acting and thinking about illness by two different cultures, uplifting relativity of its validity in mutual interaction, as well as stereotypes that burden both teams of actors., Irena Kašparová, and Literatura