Biologická léčba představuje nejúčinnější způsob léčby zánětlivých revmatických onemocnění. Významně zlepšila prognózu nemocných se zánětlivými revmatickými chorobami, stejně tak jako kvalitu jejich života. Pro léčbu revmatoidní artritidy jsou v současné době v České republice registrovány inhibitory TNFα (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab, etanercept) a dále abatacept, rituximab a tocilizumab. Většina inhibitorů TNFα je též registrována pro spondyloartritidy (ankylozující spondylitida, psoriatická artritida, neradiografická spondyloartritida). Výrazný protizánětlivý zásah do sítě reakcí imunitního systému může vyvolat i různé nežádoucí účinky, včetně závažných. Přínos biologické terapie vysoce převyšuje riziko případných nežádoucích účinků, nicméně je třeba znát jejich spektrum (infekce, nemoci plicní, kardiovaskulární, neurologické, hematologické aj.), aktivně je vyhledávat a léčit, případně jim předcházet. Při sledování bezpečnosti biologické léčby jednotlivými léky se řídíme doporučenými postupy odborných společností. Klíčová slova: biologická léčba – nežádoucí účinky – infliximab – adalimumab – golimumab – certolizumab – etanercept – abatacept – rituximab – tocilizumab – zánětlivá revmatická onemocnění, Biological therapy represents the most efficient approach in the management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. It has significantly improved the prognosis of rheumatic patients as welland their quality of their life. TNFα inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab, etanercept), abatacept, rituximab and tocilizumab are currently registered for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the Czech Republic. Most of the TNFα inhibitors are also registered also for spondyloarthritides (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, non-radiographic spondyloarthritis). The Ssignificant anti-inflammatory effect on the immune system reactions network may also induce various undesirable effects, including serious adverse events. The benefit of biological treatment is significantly higher than the risk of potential adverse events,; nevertheless, it is very important to know their spectrum (infections; pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurological, haematological diseases etc.), diagnose them actively, and treat or prevent them. Safety monitoring of biological treatment follows the guidelines of professional societies. Key words: biological treatment – adverse effects – infliximab – adalimumab – golimumab – certolizumab – etanercept – abatacept – rituximab – tocilizumab – inflammatory rheumatic diseases, and Olejárová M.
This essay aims to describe hitherto unknown notes of aesthetics lectures given by August Gottlieb Meißner (1753-1807) at Prague University. It compares these notes (made by a certain Wagner, and deposited in the Wienbibliothek im Rathaus) with notes deposited in Czech libraries, and seeks to determine their place chronologically amongst notes made by others attending Meißner’s lectures over the years. The most important difference in content between the earlier known notes and Wagner’s is Meißner’s negative attitude towards the Schlegel brothers. This attitude slightly alters our existing notion of his views on the relationship between literature and morality. Taken alone, the collections of notes in Czech libraries had led one to conclude that this Prague ordinarius was an ardent libertine, who dared, even at a conservative Austrian university, to push for the autonomy of art, including a thorough split between art and morality, regarding not only works of art, but also, to a certain extent, the artists themselves. By contrast, the Vienna MS as a matter of priority restricts this split to art, and limits it to the higher, moral aims of the artist as citizen. His approach to questions of morality and to the Schlegel brothers demonstrates that while Meißner considered himself part of the liberally enlightened current of contemporaneous literature, which made moving the emotions the central aim of art, he was no longer an adherent of upandcoming Romanticism with its extreme conviction about unlimited authorial liberty, which stemmed from the philosophical Idealism of the times. This attitude to the Schlegel brothers also suggests that Wagner attended Meißner’s lectures in aesthetics and rhetoric in the winter of 1800/1., Tomáš Hlobil., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy