Mean leaf inclination of the arctic and alpine shrub Dryas octopetala is a function of latitude and this functional relationship is consistent with a model that maximizes photosynthesis of the total plant canopy.
In this paper, a learning algorithm for a novel neural network architecture motivated by Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Model (IFN) is proposed and tested for various applications where a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is conventionally used. It is observed that inclusion of a few more biological phenomenon in the formulation of artificial neural networks make them more prevailing. Several benchmark and real-life problems of classification and function-approximation are illustrated.
The Northern pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pinivora (Treitschke, 1834) shows a highly scattered distribution with fragmented populations across Europe. A previous study exploring the postglacial history of T. pinivora defined it as a cold-tolerant relict species and concluded that a progressive reduction of suitable habitats after the postglacial expansion from refugia in the southern Iberian peninsula best explained the distribution and genetic structure of populations of this species. However, recent records, both by us and others, challenge this view. Surprisingly, some of the newly found populations from southern Spain use black pine, Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold as a host plant despite the fact that the typical host of the species, Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. occurs in the area. We provide genetic data for one of these recently found southern populations where the larvae feed on P. nigra, and compare this with previously published data on individuals collected on P. sylvestris. This data reveals that populations from different host trees are no more genetically differentiated than populations sharing the same host plant. The findings of a wider diet breadth open the way to widen the search for the still unidentified glacial refugium of T. pinivora, and as such may contribute to a better understanding about how the species has spread across Europe., José A. Hódar, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Andrea Battisti, Stig Larsson., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In this paper, a local approach to the concept of g-entropy is presented. Applying the Choquet`s representation Theorem, the introduced concept is stated in terms of g-entropy.
In this paper we establish a new local convergence theorem for partial sums of arbitrary stochastic adapted sequences. As corollaries, we generalize some recently obtained results and prove a limit theorem for the entropy density of an arbitrary information source, which is an extension of case of nonhomogeneous Markov chains.
In CO2-free air, the CO2 postirradiation burst (PIB) in wheat leaves was measured with an IRGA in an open gas exchange system to ascertain its potential role in alleviating photoinhibition of photorespiratory carbon oxidation (PCO) under a CO2 deficiency. A pre-photosynthesized leaf having been transferred into CO2-free air exhibited a typical CO2 PIB following darkening which could last, with a rate substantially higher than that of dark respiration, over a long time period (at least more than 2 h) of continuously alternate irradiation (2 min)-dark (2 min)-light transitions. The rate and the time of PIB maintenance, although unaffected by the exogenous dark respiration inhibitor iodoacetic acid, were stimulated largely by increasing irradiance and O2 level, and suppressed by DCMU and N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM). They also showed a large photosynthates-loading dependence. In a darkened leaf, the irradiation-induced PIB in the CO2-free air was clearly revealed and it was characterized by an initial net uptake of respiratory CO2. The light-induced PIB was accelerated by increasing irradiance, and delayed by prolonging the period of darkening the leaves. Hence, the origin of carbon needed for a long-term CO2 evolution in the CO2-free air might not only be derived directly from the pool of intermediates in the Calvin cycle, but it might also arise indirectly from a remotely fixed reserve of photosynthates in the leaf via a PCO-mediated, yet to be further clarified, mobilization process. Such mobilization of photosynthates probably exerted an important role in coordination of photochemical reactions and carbon assimilation during photosynthesis in C3 plants under the photoinhibitory conditions. and Fusheng Xiong, Yuzhu Gao, Ping Song.
Field-grown plants of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Akcent) in the growth phase 30 DC (beginning of stem extension) were exposed to a one-shot application of a commercial product containing cyanazine (Bladex 50 SC) in two doses, C30 and C60 (30 and 60 mg m-2). The reaction of the plant photosynthetic system was followed non-destructively using chlorophyll fluorescence induction (the O-J-I-P transient) within three weeks after the application in the fifth developed leaf and three further gradually appearing leaves. An immediate response of plants to the application of cyanazine and a regeneration of plants from cyanazine action were detected. The biological (plant dry mass) and crop yield production (the number and mass of grains in a spike) were analyzed in time of full ripeness. The crop yield was lowered by the herbicide effect to the same level for the two doses used. and M. Matoušková, J. Nauš, M. Flašarová.
In the southern part of the O´swi˛ecim Basin, in the Ko´nczyce Wielkie gravel-pit, we can find outcrops of Quaternary deposits with varied geological histories. The lower fluvial sequence is covered with glacigenic sediments. The glacigenic deposits occurring below the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary and interglacial sediments are older than the Cromerian Complex. This ice-sheet advance, in its maximum extent in southern Poland, is correlated with the Günz, i.e. pre-Cromerian glaciation in Western Europe. Cultural material was located within fluvial sands with fine-grained gravels, below a layer of diamikton – interpreted as till – and underneath the boulder pavement – an equivalent of diamikton. Raw materials inventory include local flint and hornstone, foreign flint, hornstone, quartzite, opalite, gneiss granite. Among the artifacts are macrolithic and microlithic cores, flakes and tools. The pebbles, flakes and microlithic-flakes were base for making the tools., Eugeniusz Foltyn ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury