Ve 30. letech 20. století se Martin Heidegger pokusil vysvětlit „dějiny Bytí“ vedoucí ke stavu, jejž nazýval „zapomněním Bytí“. Zaměřil se přitom na vliv moderní vědy, jež je podle něj jistým druhem metafyziky. Základní povaha moderní vědy podle Heideggera spočívá v jejím mathématickém charakteru. Řecký výraz " to mathéma“ znamená "to, co se lze naučit“ a "co je předchůdně známo“. Heideggerovým cílem je ukázat, že mathématický charakter moderní vědy rozhoduje o obecném chápání významu "bytí“ a že moderní věda nahrazuje metafyziku, v níž tkví její původ., In the mid of 1930s Martin Heidegger attempted to explain the
“history of Being” leading to what he called “the oblivion of Being". In this he focused on the impact of modern science, which he grants to be a sort of metaphysics. According to Heidegger, the main feature of the modern science consists in what he calls the mathéma -character. Th e Greek word “to mathéma” means “that what can be learned” and “what must be know beforehand.” It is Heidegger’s intention to show that the mathéma-character of modern science is deciding about the general understanding of the meaning of “being” and that modern science is replacing the metaphysics, which is the origin of the modern science., and Aleš Novák.
This study is concerned with interpretation of the Tractatus and the picture theory of the early-Wittgenstein from the perspective of the anti-metaphysical reading of M. McGinn and from the perspective of W. Sellars. I analyse McGinn's interpretation and the difficulties which are caused for her in her attempt to provide a non-minimalistic interpretation of Wittgenstein's picture theory. The interpretation of McGinn is then contrasted with Sellars who, unlike the majority of other interpreters, reads Wittgenstein's picture theory in a radically nominalistic way, and places little emphasis on the overall consistency of the Tractatus. I show that his approach allows one to preserve some interesting insights provided by McGinn, while it also manages to avoid the problems that beset her interpretation. Sellars' reading may therefore better serve McGinn's aims than her own reading, although it demands that we give up some of the key theses of the Tractatus. At the same time it may also lead us to a reevaluation of the relevance of the Tractatus for contemporary philosophical debates., Stefanie Dach., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii