Motor recovery in post-stroke and post-traumatic patients using exoskeleton controlled by the brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new and promising rehabilitation procedure. Its development is a multidisciplinary research which requires, the teamwork of experts in neurology, neurophysiology, physics, mathematics, biomechanics and robotics. Some aspects of all these fields of study concerning the development of this rehabilitation procedure are described in the paper. The description includes the principles and physiological prerequisites of BCI based on motor imagery, biologically adequate principles of exoskeleton design and control and the results of clinical application.