Larvae of the endangered Scarce Large Blue butterfly, Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius, are initially endophytic, feeding upon developing seeds of Sanguisorba officinalis, but complete their development as social parasites preying on the brood of Myrmica ants. Females show very specific preferences, laying eggs exclusively in young flower heads of the food plant. In the present contribution we report the results of a detailed study of female behaviour at three sites differing in size and abundance of S. officinalis. Tracked individuals switched between feeding on nectar (nectaring), flight and oviposition. They fed exclusively on flowers of reddish, pink or violet colouration, favouring Viccia cracca and S. officinalis. However, females spent about one fifth of the time they were active ovipositing and laid about 20 eggs per hour. Oviposition visits to flower heads were highly stereotyped and followed a specific ritual. Examination of accepted, rejected and randomly sampled flower heads showed that females avoided those containing conspecific eggs and at a site where this was difficult due to a shortage of suitable flower heads, they tended to distribute their eggs evenly among the available flower heads. Our results indirectly indicate the existence of an oviposition-deterring pheromone (ODP) in P. teleius. This hypothetical marking ensures a more even distribution of eggs and possibly increases the chances of survival of caterpillars by reducing competition during both the phytophagous and myrmecophagous stages of development. There are few reports of butterflies producing ODPs and to our knowledge this is the first evidence of their presence in the family Lycaenidae., Marcin Sielezniew, Anna M. Stankiewicz-Fiedurek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The effect of the oviposition deterring pheromone (ODP) in the larval tracks of conspecific and heterospecific ladybirds on oviposition in Harmonia axyridis Pallas was studied in semi natural conditions. Gravid females of H. axyridis were deterred from ovipositing on plants contaminated with conspecific larval tracks, but not on those with heterospecific tracks. H. axyridis females spent significantly less time on plants contaminated with conspecific ODP than on those with heterospecific ODP. This behaviour may account for why fewer eggs were laid on plants contaminated with conspecific ODP.