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2. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) comb. n., which was recently introduced into Europe (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)
- Creator:
- Mally, Richard and Nuss, Matthias
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Crambidae, Spilomelinae, box tree moth, generic placement, Diaphania, Glyphodes, Neoglyphodes, Palpita, Cydalimaperspectalis, new combination, taxonomy, phylogeny, morphology, and nomenclature
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) comb. n., is native to India, China, Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East. Its larvae are a serious pest of different species of Buxus. Recently, C. perspectalis was introduced into Europe and first recorded from Germany in 2006. This species has been placed in various spilomeline genera including Palpita Hübner, 1808, Diaphania Hübner, 1818, Glyphodes Guenée, 1854 and the monotypic Neoglyphodes Streltzov, 2008. In order to solve this nomenclatural confusion and to find a reasonable and verifiable generic placement for the box tree moth, the morphology of the above mentioned and some additional spilomeline taxa was investigated and their phylogeny analysed. The results show that C. perspectalis belongs to a monophylum that includes three of the genera in which it was previously placed: Glyphodes, Diaphania and Palpita. Within this monophylum, it is closely related to the Asian Cydalima Lederer, 1863. As a result of this analysis, Sisyrophora Lederer, 1863 syn. rev. and Neoglyphodes Streltzov, 2008 syn. n. are synonymised with Cydalima Lederer, 1863, and five species are transferred to this genus: Cydalima capriniodes (Hampson, 1912) (Glyphodes) comb. n., Cydalima decipiens (Hampson, 1912) (Glyphodes) comb. n., Cydalima joiceyi (Janse, 1924) (Margaronia) comb. n., Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Phakellura) comb. n. and Cydalima pfeifferae (Lederer, 1863) (Sisyrophora) comb. rev.
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3. Redescription of a weevil Paramecops sinaitus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from the Sinai and an ecological study of its interaction with the Sinai milkweed Asclepias sinaica (Gentianales: Asclepiadaceae)
- Creator:
- Newbold, Tim, Meregalli, Massimo, Colonnelli, Enzo, Barclay, Maxwell, Elbanna, Shereen, Abu Fandud, Nancy, Flegg, Frank, Fouad, Rasha, Golbert, Francis, Hall, Vanessa, Hancock, Claire, Ismail, Mona, Osamy, Samr, Saber, Isra'a, Semida, Fayez, and Zalat, Samy
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Curculionidae, Asclepias sinaica, chemical defence, coevolution, herbivory, new combination, new synonymies, Paramecops sinaitus, plant-insect interactions, redescription, secondary metabolites, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We collected specimens of Paramecops sinaitus (Pic, 1930) (Curculionidae: Molytinae) from south Sinai in Egypt, which enabled us to make the first complete description of this species. We also include some taxonomic remarks on the genus. Paramecops solenostemmatis (Peyerimhoff, 1930) is a synonym of Paramecops sinaitus. We propose the new combination Paramecops sogdianus (Nasreddinov, 1978), based on Perihylobius sogdianus Nasreddinov, 1978, which would make Perihylobius and Paramecops synonymous. Like other Paramecops species, P. sinaitus appears to share a close interaction with Asclepiads, in this case the Sinai milkweed Asclepias sinaica (Boiss.) Muschl., 1912 (Asclepiadaceae). We investigated the oviposition behaviour of female weevils to test whether it is linked to larval performance, as predicted by coevolutionary theory. We found that female oviposition preference was positively related to plant size and to the volume of the seed follicles in which the eggs were laid. The survival of eggs was negatively related to plant size, perhaps due to plant differences in the production of defensive cardenolides. Larval survival was not related to plant size but increased with follicle volume, probably as a result of competition for food. Paramecops is relatively sedentary and nocturnal in its behaviour. Night-time observations of behaviour showed that weevils were more active at lower temperatures.
- Rights:
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4. Review of the genus Vibronychiurus (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with a description of two new species
- Creator:
- Pomorski, Romuald J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Collembola, Onychiuridae, Vibronychiurus, Palearctic, new species, new combination, diagnosis, and key
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new diagnosis of Vibronychiurus Pomorski, 1998 is given. V. archivari (Christiansen, 1956) comb. n. and V. hermonicus (Gruia, Poliakov & Broza, 2000) stat. & comb. n. are redescribed on the basis of the types and new specimens. Two new species are described: V. aestimabilis sp. n. from Khakasiya (Russia) and V. caucasicus sp. n. from Caucasus (Russia). A key to the species Vibronychiurus is provided.
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5. Revision of Afrocrania (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) Part II: species in which the males lack head cavities or extended elytral extrusions
- Creator:
- Wagner, Thomas
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Afrocrania, Afrotropical region, taxonomy, new species, new combination, revision, lectotype, and key
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this second part of the revision of Afrotropical Afrocrania Hincks, 1949 (= Pseudocrania Weise, 1892, not Pseudocrania MCoy, 1851), a group of Galerucinae restricted to Africa, additional material is revised. Herein, species in which the males lack deep head cavities, partly horned antennomeres, or extended elytral extrusions, but usually have small post-scutellar extrusions or depressions, are considered. Material of Afrocrania pauli (Weise, 1903), comb. n. (= Candezea pauli Weise, 1903), and A. famularis (Weise, 1904), comb. n. (= Monolepta famularis Weise, 1904; = Candezea atripennis Laboissière, 1931, syn. n.) is studied. Lectotypes are designated for A. pauli, A. famularis and C. atripennis. Six new species, A. aequatoriana sp. n., A. minima sp. n., A. nigra sp. n., A. occidentalis sp. n., A. pallida sp. n. and A. weisei sp. n. are described. Distribution patterns are mapped. Together with the already revised species there are 16 valid Afrocrania species are hitherto known. Its phylogenetic position within the Galerucinae is discussed, identification keys to males and females for all known taxa are presented.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Revision of the genus Wakarumbia (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
- Creator:
- Bocák, Ladislav
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Lycidae, Wakarumbia, revision, new species, new combination, key, ecology, and Sulawesi
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A revision of the genus Wakarumbia Bocák, 1999 from Sulawesi is presented. Altogether 10 species are included in the genus Wakarumbia: the type species W. gracilis Bocák, 1999 is redescribed, a new combination of Wakarumbia celebensis (Kleine, 1933) is proposed (originally placed in Protaphes Kleine, 1926) and the following new species are described: Wakarumbia brendelli sp. n., W. brunnescens sp. n., W. flavohumeralis sp. n., W. grandis sp. n., W. nigra sp. n., W. oculata sp. n., W. pallescens sp. n. and W. similis sp. n. The important diagnostic characters are illustrated and all species are keyed. Relationship between species and ecological data are briefly discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Taxonomic revision of the genus Angulaphthona (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)
- Creator:
- Biondi, Maurizio and D'Alessandro, Paola
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini, Angulaphthona, Afrotropical region, Arabian Peninsula, Sri Lanka, new combination, taxonomy, revision, and new species
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A revision of the genus Angulaphthona Bechyné, 1960 is provided, with a description of Angulaphthona confusa sp. n. from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and A. rossii sp. n. from Sierra Leone. The following synonymies are proposed: Angulaphthona latipennis (Pic, 1921) = A. latipennis zambeziensis (Bechyné, 1959) syn. n. and Angulaphthona pelengensis Bechyné, 1960 = A. exalta Bechyné, 1960 syn. n. The precedence of the name pelengensis is discussed. Angulaphthona violaceomicans (Chen, 1936) comb. n. (transferred from Aphthona) from Sri Lanka is established, and some hypotheses to explain the presence of the genus outside Africa are put forward. A key to the seven known species is supplied, with microphotographs of diagnostic characters, including male and female genitalia.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Taxonomy of the genera Scaeva, Simosyrphus and Ischiodon (Diptera: Syrphidae): Descriptions of immature stages and status of taxa
- Creator:
- Láska, Pavel, Pérez-Banón, Celeste, Mazánek, Libor, Rojo, Santos, Stahls, Gunilla, Marcos-García , Angeles M., Bičík, Vítězslav , and Dušek, Jindra
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Diptera, Syrphidae, Scaeva, Semiscaeva, Mecoscaeva, Simosyrphus, Ischiodon, taxonomy, immature morphology, chaetotaxy, new combination, and new synonymy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A review of all known descriptions of immature stages of the species of the genera Scaeva Fabricius, 1805, Ischiodon Sack, 1913 and Simosyrphus Bigot, 1882 is presented using SEM illustrations. The third instar larval and/or pupal morphology of Scaeva dignota (Rondani, 1857), Scaeva mecogramma (Bigot, 1860) and Simosyrphus grandicornis (Macquart, 1842) are newly described. All species of the genera studied in this paper are very similar for all the studied characters of their immature stages, including the chaetotaxy. Molecular characters of the mitochondrial cox1 gene (1128bp) were used for inferring relationships of the studied taxa. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was additionally applied for species delimitation of the closely related species Scaeva selenitica and S. dignota. The Palaearctic Scaeva species could be split into two groups based on the analysis of morphology of posterior respiratory process. These groups were previously diagnosed as S. selenitica-group [i.e., S. selenitica (Meigen, 1822), S. dignota (Rondani, 1857), S. mecogramma (Bigot, 1860)] and S. pyrastri-group [i.e., S. pyrastri (Linnaeus, 1758), S. albomaculata (Macquart, 1842), S. latimaculata (Brunetti, 1923)]. Semiscaeva Kuznetzov, 1985 and Scaeva Fabricius, 1805 are the available names for these two natural groups that should be classified as subgenera; the former name is proposed for S. selenitica-group and the latter for S. pyrastri-group. Mecoscaeva Kuznetzov, 1985 syn. n. is transferred as a junior synonym of the subgenus Semiscaeva Kuznetzov, 1985 according to the principle of the first reviser. Based on the analysis of immature stages, the generic name Ischiodon Sack, 1913 syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of the genus Simosyrphus Bigot, 1882. The similarity of immature stages between Scaeva s. str. and Simosyrphus grandicornis Macquart, 1842, Simosyrphus aegyptius (Wiedemann, 1830) comb. n. and Simosyrphus scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) comb. n. is discussed. All the proposed subgeneric and generic taxa based on morphological studies received high support employing molecular characters.
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9. The identity of figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) of anthomyiid flies in conifer cones
- Creator:
- Forshage, Mattias and Nordlander, Göran
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae, Amphithectus, Seitneria, Diptera, Anthomyiidae, Strobilomyia, parasitoid, conifer cones, cone insects, seed orchard, Larix, Picea, taxonomy, new synonymy, and new combination
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Larvae of Strobilomyia flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) are serious pests in conifer-seed orchards because they feed on the seed inside the cones. Figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) of Strobilomyia larvae in conifer cones are commonly reported but under various generic names. It is argued here that, across the entire Holarctic region, these figitids belong to Amphithectus and perhaps also to Sarothrus (Figitinae), but not to Melanips (Aspicerinae), contrary to some reports. We conclude that the identity of the commonly found figitid associated with conifer cones (Larix and Picea) in Europe and Asia is Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n. This is most likely considering the original description and the host association, although the type specimen of Seitneria austriaca Tavares, 1928 is lost. This species name takes priority over the recently described Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, 2013. Seitneria Tavares, 1928 becomes a new junior synonym of Amphithectus Hartig, 1840, and Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, 2013 becomes a new synonym of Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n.
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10. Two new species of Aivalykus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from China and Indonesia, with a key to species
- Creator:
- Belokobylskij, Sergey and Chen, Xuexin
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Taxonomy, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae, Aivalykus, new species, new synonymy, new combination, and China
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The species and tribal position of the genus Aivalykus Nixon are discussed. Two new species of Aivalykus from China and Indonesia are described: A. nitidus sp. n. and A. bouceki sp. n. The genus Ecphyloides Marsh, 1993 is considered a junior synonym of Aivalykus Nixon, 1938. A key to the species of Aivalykus is given.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public