More than 700 specialists from around the world took part in this event at the Prague Congress Centre on September 13-17, 2011. Wide-ranging critical areas in current glial research were discussed in plenary lectures, symposia and workshops. In addition, outstanding scientists and their students presented posters throughout the meeting. Glial cells of varying types support neurons by providing support and nutrition. The conference was organised by the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the ASCR. and Eva Syková.