The detailed external morphology and general anatomy of the majority of families and subfamilies of Poduromorpha were investigated and compared. This examination was done in relation to the three remaining orders of Collembola: Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona and Neelipleona. Within Poduromorpha, homologies among the different families and subfamilies are established for general chaetotaxy, and chaeotaxy of head, buccal cone, sensilla of fourth antennal segment, anal valves and tibiotarsus. A consistent and comprehensive nomenclature is proposed for these morphological features unifying those applied in scattered existing studies. Observations on first instars are reported. Comparison of first instars and adult chaetotaxy suggests a possible paedomorphic trend in the evolution of Poduromorpha.
A review of genera within the tribe Lyropaeini is given. Three new genera - Lyrolib gen. n., Horakiella gen. n., and Ambangia gen. n., and a subgenus Macroambangia subgen. n. within Ambangia gen. n. are described. The following twelve new species are proposed as new to science: Ambangia nigra sp. n. (Sulawesi), A. wallacei sp. n. (Sulawesi), Ambangia (Macroambangia) pallidicornis sp. n. (Sulawesi), A. (M.) celebensis sp. n. (Sulawesi), A. (M.) nigricornis sp. n. (Sulawesi), Alyculus wittmeri sp. n. (Sumatra), Horakiella hammondi sp. n. (Malaysia: Sarawak), H. pahangana sp. n. (Peninsular Malaysia), H. emasensis sp. n. (Malaysia: Sabah), Lyrolib minor sp. n. (Sulawesi), L. grandis sp. n. (Sulawesi), and Microlyropaeus dembickyi sp. n. (Sumatra). A key to genera of Lyropaeini is given, and comments on their relationships are provided.