The previously developed thoracic finite element model [8, 9] was used to investigate the human thoracic dynamic responses associated with the frontal, lateral and oblique loading and to predict injuries of the thorax associated with the frontal loading. The thoracic model was developed [8, 9] to improve the human articulated rigid body model ROBBY (the model of an average adult male) [13, 14], which was previously developed at the University of West Bohemia in cooperation with ESI Group (Engineering Simulation for Industry). There are implemented deformable models of the thorax and abdomen in the ROBBY model. The geometries of individual thoracic organs were based on the cadaver tomography data and color cross-section photographs obtained from Visible Human Project (VHP) [33]. The thoracic model material properties were obtained either by virtue of cooperation with ESI Group or from public sources (articles, Internet, books). Thoracic model includes the models of the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, vertebrae, lungs, heart, trachea, main vessels (aorta, vena cava superior), intercostal muscles, diaphragm, flesh and skin. The presented study deals with the dynamic response and validation of the whole thoracic model and with the prediction of thoracic injuries by virtue of this model. The results of simulations are compared with the experimental results. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The aim of this study is development of biomechanical model of the thorax by the creation of the new factual model of this part of human’s body through the medium of hexahedral grid. The whole model is based on the Finite element method and it has been generated with respect to the real anatomical human data, since the photographs of Visible Human Project have been used for the determination of the spatial arrangement of individual organs. The material properties and contacts have been implemented into the model for the completion of the spatial arrangement and for the completion of the model. The Kroell test has been applied for the validation of the thoracic model. The thoracic injury criteria can be determined from the results of the Kroell test. These injury criteria play considerable role during the accidents. One of these injury criteria is just chest defíection, which has-been investigated during the Kroell test. The validated model will be utilized for the simulation of the vehicle crash situations and for the observation of motion of thoracic organs during the impact. The created model is of great scientific importance since the model is much closer to the biological reality. and Obsahuje seznam literatury