Ecocriticism is a relatively new, important and rapidly developing field of study of works of art, focusing on the relationship between literature and the environment. From its initial focus on non-fiction depictions of nature (in “nature writing”), it has expanded its attention during its second generation to include all types of environmental representation in literature and media in general. Far from being a purely evaluative or even ideological method, ecocriticism explores representations of the relationship between nature and culture, reflects on the interconnection between environmental and social themes and analyses innovative narrative strategies that seek to address complex issues. Following an introductory characterization and an overview of the development of ecocriticism, this study will focus on seven contemporary Czech novels dealing with environmental issues.
A. schneideri and A. grossulariae clones from southern Poland produced fertile hybrid eggs under experimental conditions. Established hybrid clones expressed normal parthenogenetic reproduction but bisexual generations were not obtained, though a few sexuales developed in some cases. Morphological features of A. schneideri and host-specificity of A. grossulariae tended to dominate in the majority of hybrid clones. Independent inheritance of the studied morphological characters and host specificity can therefore be presumed.
Present results do not exclude the possibility of natural hybridisation of studied aphid species. Natural crosses might cause taxonomic and currant pest management problems., Rimantas Rakauskas, and Lit