Although the Czech ethnology was constituted as a national social and cultural-historical discipline, its interest has alway transcended the national borders. The Czech ethnographers as well as the Czech intelligentsia have been in contact with Lusatian Sorbs and descendants of the Polabian Slavs. Their situation had been changing throughout the 20th century, the assimilation tendencies were apparent. The activities of the Sorbs are supported by their own institutions (Domowina, Institut za serbski ludospyt) and some publications.The knowledge of traditional culture and its presentation became an important element in the process of Sorbs’ self-identification. Especially in the second half of the 20th century, the ethnologists published works on different subjects such as material and non-material culture, local and regional monographs and biographies of significant personalities.