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12. Mesenteric arteriovenous differences in glucose, lactate and insulin concentrations in rats and humans
- Creator:
- Tormo, M. A., Moreno, J. C., Torres, M. D., and Campillo, J. E.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- glucose, lactate, insulin, human, and rat
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present study was aimed to investigate the mesenteric arteriovenous differences in blood glucose and lactate and plasma insulin in humans (n = 8) and rats (n=10). Arterial (abdominal aorta) and mesenteric vein blood glucose and lactate (enzymatic methods) and plasma insulin concentrations (radioimmunoassay) were measured in patients during abdominal surgery and in normal rats. Blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the abdominal aorta than in the mesenteric vein in both rats (9.2±1.0 vs 7.5±0.8 mmol/1) and humans (10.4±2.9 vs 8.5±2.7 mmol/1). Blood lactate levels were higher (p<0.05) in the mesenteric vein in both rats (3.7±1.3 vs 2.8±0.9 mmol/1) and humans (0.7±0.23 vs 0.1 ±0.05 mmol/1). Plasma insulin concentrations were identical in the aorta or mesenteric vein in both rats (314.4± 162.0 vs 311.4±94.2 pmol/1) and humans (62.4±43.2 vs 61.8±48.0 pmol/1). In conclusion, both rat and human intestine retained a high proportion of arterially administered glucose and released lactate under the studied conditions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
13. Regulation of diurnal variation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity in healthy subjects
- Creator:
- Kovář, J., Martin Leníček, Zimolová, M., Libor Vítek, Milan Jirsa, and Jan Piťha
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, cholesterol, inzulin, glukóza, insulin, glucose, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, bile acid, cholestyramine, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the key regulatory enzyme of bile acid synthesis, displays a pronounced diurnal variation. To better understand the regulation of CYP7A1 activity, three daylong examinations were carried out in 12 healthy men. The concentrations of 7α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (C4), a surrogate marker of CYP7A1 activity, bile acids (BA), insulin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol were measured in serum in 90-min intervals from 7 AM till 10 PM. To lower and to increase BA concentration during the study, the subjects received cholestyramine and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), respectively, in two examinations. No drug was used in the control examination. There was a pronounced diurnal variation of C4 concentration with a peak around 1 PM in most of the subjects. The area under the curve (AUC) of C4 concentration was five times higher and three times lower when subjects were treated with cholestyramine and CDCA, respectively. No relationship was found between AUC of C4 and AUC of BA concentration, but AUC of C4 correlated positively with that of insulin. Moreover, short-term treatment with cholestyramine resulted in about 10 % suppression of glycemia throughout the day. Our results suggest that insulin is involved in the regulation of diurnal variation of CYP7A1 activity in humans., J. Kovář ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14. The effect of glucose when added to a fat load on the response of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and apolipoprotein B-48 in the postprandial phase
- Creator:
- Zemánková, K., Jolana Mrázková, Jan Piťha, and Kovář, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulin, fyziologie, insulin, physiology, postprandial lipemia, triglyceride, glucose, GLP-1, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Increased and prolonged postprandial lipemia has been identified as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, there is no consensus on how to test postprandial lipemia, especia lly with respect to the composition of an experimental meal. To address this question of how glucose, when added to a fat load, affects the selected parameters of postprandial lipemia, we carried out a study in 30 healthy male volunteers. Men consumed an experimental meal containing either 75 g of fat + 25 g of glucose (F+G meal) or 75 g of fat (F meal) in a control experiment. Blood was taken before the meal and at selected time points within the following 8 h. Glucose, when added to a fat load, induced an increase of glycemia and insulinemia and, surprisingly, a 20 % reduction in the response of both total and active glucagon -like peptide -1 (GLP -1) concentration. The addition of glucose did not affect the magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia and TRL -C and TRL -TG concentrations but stimulated a faster response of chylomicrons to the test meal, evaluated by changes in apolipoprotein B -48 concentrations. The addition of glucose induced the physiological response of insulin and the lower response of GLP -1 to the test meal during the early postprandial phase, but had no effect on changes of TRL -cholesterol and TRL -TG within 8 h after the meal., K. Zemánková, J. Mrázková, J. Piťha, J. Kovář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15. The influence of glucose and saccharose on haemolytic action of HgCl2 in relation to the ionic strength of the incubating medium
- Creator:
- Nicák, A. and Mojžiš, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- erythrocytes, haemolysis, HgCl2, glucose, saccharose, and ionic strength
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The haemolytic action of HgCl2 (0, 15 mmol.l'1) was studied in relation to the ionic strength and concentration of glucose and saccharose in incubating medium. Blood from 94 donors, aged 19-46 years were used in our experiments. In relation to the ionic strength the haemolytic action was characteristic with two maxima of haemolysis. The first at low ionic strength and second one at the high. Both maxima in solutions containing saccharose were significantly diminished in glucose. These facts show a negative influence of saccharose on the haemorheological properties of the erythrocyte membrane.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
16. The salinity tolerance of freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 is determined by Its ability for osmotic adjustment and presence of osmolyte sucrose
- Creator:
- Ladas, N. P. and Papageorgiou, G. C.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- absorption spectra, cell doubling, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, cytoplasmic osmolality, glucose, NaCl, saccharose, and sugars
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- We investigated the factors that impose an upper limit of salinity tolerance to the unicellular freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Above approx. 0.4 M NaCl, Synechococcus cells cease to proliferate, after having accumulated 0.3 M sucrose. Cells that pre-accumulated sucrose could tolerate up to 0.5 M NaCl, but not 0.6 M NaCl. After exposure to 0.5 M NaCl or higher, the cells were irreversibly modified becoming unable for osmotic volume adjustments. and N. P. Ladas, G. C. Papageorgiou.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17. Variation in photosynthetic rates and biomass productivity among four mulberry cultivars
- Creator:
- Chaitanya, K. V., Masilamani, S., Jutur, P. P., and Ramachandra Reddy, A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- branches, chlorophyll, DCPIP photoreduction, glucose, Morus, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, shoot, starch, sucrose, and sucrose phosphate synthase
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Among four mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars (K-2, MR-2, BC2-59, and S-13), highest net photosynthetic rate (PN) was observed in BC2-59 while the lowest rates were recorded with K-2. Significant differences among the four cultivars were found in leaf area, biomass production, activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and sucrose phosphate synthase, and glucose and sucrose contents. The PN and the activities of photosynthetic enzymes in the four cultivars were significantly correlated with the growth and biomass production measured as leaf yield, total shoot mass, and aerial plant biomass. and K. V. Chaitanya ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public