Half of this year‘s Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to American cosmologist James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology". In this article we describe the emergence of the BigBang model of the Universe, recall the people who made decisive contributions to its formulation, emphasize the crucial importance of the discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, and outline the contribution James Peebles made for the understanding of our Universe. and Jiří Chýla.