1. The 4V ((four vectors) model of the radio emission Creator: Milogradov-Turin, Jelena Format: bez média and svazek Type: model:article and TEXT Subject: astronomy and four vectors model Language: Czech Description: The model has 4 components: the extragalactic background, the radiation from the galactic disc and 2 components related to a spur. It fits observations while the hypothetical radio halo does not. Rights: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public