Dlaždicový karcinom hlavy a krku (HNSCC) je šestým nejčastěji se vyskytujícím nádorem na světě. Ve snaze zlepšit léčbu se současný výzkum zaměřuje zejména na hledání nových nádorových markerů a sledování jejich diagnostického, prognostického a prediktivního významu v rutinní klinické praxi. Molekulární nádorové markery rovněž dobře odrážejí patobiologické procesy v nádorech. V poslední době došlo k rozšíření poznatků o etiologii a patobiologii nádorů hlavy a krku. Velký podíl na kancerogenezi mají epigenetické mechanizmy, RNA interference a microRNA, nádorové kmenové buňky a epiteliálně-mezenchymální tranzice, které zároveň představují nový zdroj molekulárních nádorových markerů a vhodný cíl biologické léčby, Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the six most common cancer in the world. In attempts to improve therapy of this cancer, contemporary research is focused predominantly on new tumor markers and evaluation of their diagnostic, prognostic and predictive significance for routine clinical practice. Molecular tumor markers at the same time very well reflect pathobiological processes in tumors. New etiological and pathobiological aspects of cancerogenesis of HNSCC were lately introduced. Namely epigenetic mechanisms, RNA interference and microRNA, cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition play important role in cancerogenesis as well as represent new source of molecular tumor markers and potential target of biological therapy., David Kalfeřt, Marie Ludvíková, and Literatura 52
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding regulatory RNA molecules which play an important role in intracellular communication and cell signaling and which influence cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cellular death. Over the past two decades, the crucial role of m icroRNAs in controlling tissue homeostasis and disease in cardiovascular systems has become widely recogni zed. By controlling the expression levels of their targets, several miRNAs have been shown to modulate the function of endothelial cells (miR-221/222 and -126), vascular smooth muscle cells (miR-143/145) and macrophages (miR-33, -758, and -26), thereby regulating the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The stability of miRNAs within the blood suggests that circulating miRNAs may function as important biomarkers of disease development and progression. Numerous circulating miRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in a wide variety of different disease states, including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease., D. Dlouhá, J. A. Hubáček., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The fundamental biochemical processes of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) synthesis, maintenance, conversion and removal determine the time and spatial pattern of DNA methylation. This has a strong effect on a plethora of physiological aspects of cellular metabolism. While the presence of 5-mC within the promoter region can silence gene expression, its derivative - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine exerts an opposite effect. Dysregulations in the metabolism of 5-mC lead to an altered DNA methylation pattern which is linked with a disrupted epigenome, and are considered to play a significant part in the etiology of several human diseases. A summary of recent knowledge about the molecular processes participating in DNA methylation pattern shaping is provided here., R. Murín, M. Abdalla, N. Murínová, J. Hatok, D. Dobrota., and Obsahuje bibliografii